Second Installment: History of Sound Motion Pictures

Bibliographic Reference(s)

• Starting Characteristics of Speech Sounds [Active]
• Auxiliary Multitrack Magnetic Sound Reproducer [Active]
• Film-Pulled, Theater-Type, Magnetic Sound Reproducer for Use with Multitrack Films [Active]
• Four-Track Magnetic Theater Sound Reproducer for Composite Films [Active]
• The Radial-Tooth, Variable-Pitch Sprocket [Active]
• Analysis of Sound-Film Drives [Active]
• A Unidirectional Microphone [Active]
• Continuous Photographic Processing [Active]
• Wide-Range Reproduction in Theaters [Active]
• Practical Solution to the Screen Light Distribution Problem [Active]
• A De Luxe Film Recording Machine [Active]
• Theater Loudspeaker System Incorporating an Acoustic-Lens Radiator [Active]
• Flutter Measuring Set [Active]
• Recording Music for Motion Pictures [Active]
• Characteristics of the Photophone Light-Modulating System [Active]
• Rulings of the U. S. Supreme Court in Recent Patent Cases of the American Tri-Ergon Corporation [Active]
• Reciprocity Law Failure in Photographic Exposures [Active]
• Recent Optical Improvements in Sound-Film Recording Equipment [Active]
• Transmission and Reproduction of Speech and Music in Auditory Perspective [Active]
• Extension of the Frequency Range of Film Recording and Reproduction [Active]
• The Bell & Howell Fully Automatic Sound Picture Production Printer [Active]
• Western Electric Noiseless Recording [Active]
• A Machine for Printing Picture and Sound Simultaneously and Automatically [Active]
• Time-And-Temperature Vs. The Test System for Development of Motion Picture Negatives [Active]
• Vertical Sound Records : Recent Fundamental Advances in Mechanical Records on Wax [Active]
• Photographic Sensitometry, Part I [Active]
• A Replenishing Solution for a Motion Picture Positive Film Developer [Active]
• A New Recorder for Variable Area Recording [Active]
• The Compliance of Film Loops [Active]
• Increased Noise Reduction by Delay Networks [Active]
• Considerations in the Design and Testing of Motion Picture Screens for Sound Picture Work [Active]
• The Measurement of Density in Variable Density Sound Film [Active]
• Sound-Proofing and Acoustic Treatment of RKO Stages [Active]
• The Technical Aspects of the High-Fidelity Reproducer [Active]
• Some Technical Aspects of Recording Music [Active]
• Recent Improvements in the Bell & Howell Fully Automatic Printer [Active]
• The Eastman Type IIb Sensitometer as a Control Instrument in the Processing of Motion Picture Film [Active]
• Sensitometric Control in the Processing of Motion Picture Film in Hollywood [Active]
• A Moving Coil Microphone for High Quality Sound Reproduction [Active]
• High Frequency Response from Variable Width Records as Affected by Exposure and Development [Active]
• The ABC of Photographic Sound Recording [Active]
• Straight-Line and Toe Records with the Light-Valve [Active]
• A Shutter for use in Reduction of Ground Noise [Active]
• Noise Reduction with Variable Area Recording [Active]
• The Ribbon Microphone [Active]
• A Loud Speaker Good to Twelve Thousand Cycles [Active]
• Contribution from the Research Council, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences: Report of the Basic Sound Committee on Pre- and Post-Equalization for Studio use [Active]
• Maintenance of a Developer by Continuous Replenishment [Active]
• A High-Precision Sound-Film Recording Machine [Active]
• A Wide-Range, Linear-Scale Photoelectric Cell Densitometer [Active]
• A Neon Type Volume Indicator [Active]
• The RCA Sound Recording System [Active]
• A Review of the Quest for Constant Speed [Active]
• Modern Theater Loud Speakers and Their Development [Active]
• Note on the use of an Automatic Recording Densitometer [Active]
• Recent Improvements in the Variable-Width Recording System [Active]
• A Sound-Picture Reproducing System for Small Theaters [Active]
• Progress in the Motion Picture Industry: Report of the Progress Committee [Active]
• A Study of Theater Loud Speakers and the Resultant Development of the Shearer Two-Way Horn System [Active]
• Dividing Networks for Loud Speaker Systems [Active]
• RCA Photophone High-Fidelity Sound Reproducing Equipment [Active]
• Elimination of Splice Noise in Sound-Film [Active]
• Analysis of the Distortion Resulting from Sprocket-Hole Modulation [Active]
• Flutter in Sound Records [Active]
• A Portable Flutter-Measuring Instrument [Active]
• Symposium on New Motion Picture Apparatus: A New High-Fidelity Sound Head [Active]
• The Sensitometric Control of Sound Records on Film [Active]
• The M-G-M Recorder and Reproducer Equipment Units [Active]
• Continuous Replenishment and Chemical Control of Motion Picture Developing Solutions [Active]
• The Development of the Sound-Film [Active]
• New Stop Bath and Fixing Bath Formulas and Methods for their Revival [Active]
• Design and Use of Noise-Reduction Bias Systems [Active]
• A Light-Valve for the Stereophonic Sound-Film System [Active]
• Internally Damped Rollers [Active]
• New and Old Aspects of the Origins of 96-Cycle Distortion [Active]
• High-Fidelity Headphones [Active]
• Twentieth Century Camera and Accessories [Active]
• Filtering Factors of the Magnetic Drive [Active]
• Current Practices in Blooping Sound-Film [Active]
• A Precision Integrating-Sphere Densitometer [Active]
• A Physical Densitometer for Sound Processing Laboratories [Active]
• RCA Victor High Fidelity Film Recording Equipment [Active]
• Film Recorders [Active]
• Proposed Standards for the Measurement of Distortion in Sound Recording [Active]
• New Theater Loudspeaker System [Active]
• New Permanent Magnet Public Address Loudspeaker [Active]
• The Variable-Density Film-Recording System Used at Mgm Studios [Active]
• A Direct Positive System of Sound Recording [Active]
• A Direct-Reading Photoelectric Densitometer [Active]
• A Cardioid Directional Microphone [Active]
• Properties of Lamps and Optical Systems for Sound Reproduction [Active]
• Sound Picture Recording and Reproducing Characteristics [Active]
• An Improved Film-Drive Filter Mechanism [Active]
• A Simplified All-Purpose Film Recording Machine [Active]
• Lightweight Recorders for 35- and 16-MM Film [Active]
• A Newly Developed Light Modulator for Sound Recording [Active]
• Historical Development of Sound Films [Active]
• A New Blooping Device [Active]
• Wide-Range Loudspeaker Developments [Active]
• Noise-Reduction Anticipation Circuits [Active]
• Some Theoretical Considerations in the Design of Sprockets for Continuous Film Movement [Active]
• Sound Film Printing [Active]
• Recent Contributions to Light Valve Technic [Active]
• Some New RCA Photophone Studio Recording Equipment [Active]
• The Photographic Treatment of Variable Area Sound Films [Active]
• Some Properties of Chrome Alum Stop Baths and Fixing Baths (Part I) [Active]
• Some Aspects of a Western Electric Sound Recording System [Active]
• A New Method of Blocking Out Splices in Sound Film [Active]
• The Effect of Developer Agitation on Density Uniformity and Rate of Development [Active]
• Safeguarding Theater Sound Equipment with Modern Test Instruments [Active]
• Overload Limiters for the Protection of Modulating Devices [Active]
• Modulated high-frequency recording as a means of determining conditions for optimal processing [Active]
• Projects of the Committee on Standardization of Theater Sound Projection Equipment Characteristics of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences [Active]
• Methods of Blooping [Active]
• A Linear Decibel-Scale Volume Indicator [Active]
• Galvanometers for Variable Area Recording [Active]
• Some Considerations in the Design of Sound-Proof Camera Housings [Active]
• A Comparative Study of Sound on Disk and Film [Active]
• Photographic Characteristics of Sound Recording Film [Active]
• Acoustic Control of Recording for Talking Motion Pictures [Active]
• Magnetic Recording in the Motion Picture Studio [Active]
• Scoring-Stage Design [Active]
• A Silent Camera [Active]
• The RCA Recording System and Its Adaptation to Various Types of Sound-Track [Active]
• Improved Noise-Reduction System for High-Fidelity Recording [Active]
• Proposed Standard Specifications for Flutter or Wow as Related to Sound Records: Report of the SMPE committee on Sound [Active]
• The Motion-Picture Laboratory [Active]
• 1. Cowan Lester , Recording Sound for Motion Pictures , McGraw-Hill Book Co. , New York , 1931 ; H. G. Knox, “Ancestry of sound pictures,” Chap. 1. EXTERNAL
• 182. Kellogg E. W. , U.S. Pat. 1,740,406. EXTERNAL
• 185. Kellogg E. W. , “Ground-noise reduction systems,” Jour. SMPE , 36 : 137 – 171 , Feb. 1941 . EXTERNAL
• 186. Siemens Halske , British Pat. 288,225, Convention Apr. 9, 1927 . EXTERNAL
• 187. Robinson L. T. , U.S. Pat. 1,854,159 and 1,935,417; C. W. Hewlett, U.S. Pat. 1,853,812; and C. R. Hanna, U.S. Pat. 1,888,724. EXTERNAL
• 189. McDowell H. Jr. , U.S. Pat. 1,855,197. EXTERNAL
• 190. Townsend R. H. McDowell H. Jr. Clark L. E. , “Ground-noise reduction RCA Photophone system,” Reprint 26, Tech. Bul. Acad. Mot. Pict. Arts & Sci. , Feb. 1931 . EXTERNAL
• 195. Hathaway J. L. , “Microphone polarity and overmodulation,” Electronics , Oct. 1939 , p. 28 . EXTERNAL
• 84a. Comerci Frank A. , of the Material Laboratory, Bureau of Ships New York Naval Shipyard, Brooklyn, N. Y., “Perceptibility of flutter in speech and music,” Jour. SMPTE , 64 :117–122, Mar. 1955 . Discussion, 318, June 1955. EXTERNAL
• 205a. Sachtleben L. T. , U.S. Pat. 2,158,308. EXTERNAL
• 211. Wente E. C. Thuras A. L. , “Moving coil telephone receivers and microphones,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 3 : 44 – 55 , Jan. 1931 . EXTERNAL
• 213. Olson H. F. , “Collection of sound in reverberant rooms, with special reference to the application of the ribbon microphone,” Proc. IRE , 21 : 655 , May 1933 . EXTERNAL
• 214. Olson H. F. Massa Frank , Applied Acoustics , P. Blakiston's Sons & Co. , Philadelphia , 1934 . EXTERNAL
• 85. Mead M. S. , U.S. Pat. 1,854,949. EXTERNAL
• 217. Webster A. G. , “Acoustical impedance and theory of horns and phonograph,” Proc. Nat. Acad. of Sci. , 6 : 275 , 1919 . EXTERNAL
• 218. Hanna C. R. Slepian J. , “The Function and design of horns for loud speakers,” Trans. AIEE , 43 : 393 , Feb. 1924 . EXTERNAL
• 219. Hanna C. R. , “Loudspeakers of high efficiency and load capacity,” Trans. AIEE , 47 : 607 , Apr. 1928 . EXTERNAL
• 223. Symposium on Auditory Perspective, pub. in Elec. Eng., (AIEE) , 53 , 9 , Jan. 1934 ; and Bell Sys. Tech. J. , 13: 239, Apr. 1934. This equipment is again described in Jour. SMPE , 37: 331–417, Oct. 1941. See also refs. 329–332. EXTERNAL
• 86. Kellogg E. W. Morgan A. R. , “Measurement of speed fluctuations in sound recording and reproducing equipment,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 7 : 271 – 280 , Apr. 1936 . EXTERNAL
• 4. Frayne J. G. Wolfe H. , Elements of Sound Recording , J. Wiley & Sons , New York , 1949 . EXTERNAL
• 90. Furst U. R. , “Periodic variations of pitch in sound reproduction by phonographs,” Proc. I.R.E. , 34 : 887 – 895 , Nov. 1946 . EXTERNAL
• 95. Kellogg E. W. , U.S. Pat. 1,892,554, 1,899,571, and Re19, 270. EXTERNAL
• 97. See ref. 94. EXTERNAL
• 100. Rowland H. A. , an early disclosure ( 1902 ) of the general principle of the damped flywheel is in U.S. Pat. 691,667, 1899, and 713,497. (See refs. 81 and 104.). EXTERNAL
• 57. Wente E. C. Thuras A. L. , “A high efficiency receiver of large power capacity for horn type loud speakers,” Bell Sys. Tech. J. , Jan. 1928 , p. 140 . EXTERNAL
• 115. Report of Standards and Nomenclature Committee , Jour. SMPE , 14 , 126 , 133 , Jan. 1930 . EXTERNAL
• 119. Hubbard Roscoc C. , “Printing motion picture film,” Trans. SMPE , No. 28, 252 , Feb. 1927 . EXTERNAL
• 77. L'Industrie du Film Parlant, Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers, Feb. 17, 1929 . Contains a resume covering the Gaumont and the Gaumont-Peterson-Poulsen sound systems. (The foregoing is from the Theisen historical paper -ref. 5.) . EXTERNAL
• 134. Knudsen V. O. , “Hearing of speech in auditoriums,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 56 , Oct. 1929 . EXTERNAL
• 135. MacNair W. A. , “Optimum reverberation time for auditoriums,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 242 , Jan. 1930 . EXTERNAL
• 78. Roys H. E. , “The measurement of transcription-turntable speed variation,” Proc. I.R.E. , 31 : 52 – 56 , Feb. 1943 . EXTERNAL
• 147. Moyse H. W. White D. R. , “Borax developer characteristics,” Trans. SMPE , No. 38, 445 – 452 , 1929 . EXTERNAL
• 148. Carlton H. C. Crabtree J. I. , “Some properties of fine grain developers for motion picture film,” Trans. SMPE , No. 38, 406 – 444 , 1929 . EXTERNAL
• 152. Engl J. B. , “A new process for developing and printing photographic sound records,” Trans. SMPE , No. 30, 257 – 266 , 1927 . EXTERNAL
• 153. Coffman Joe W. , “Sound film processing,” Trans. SMPE , No. 35, 799 – 808 , 1928 . Also “Art and science in sound film production,” Jour. SMPE , 14: 172–179, Feb. 1930. EXTERNAL
• 80. Shower E. G. Biddulph R. , “Differential pitch sensitivity of the ear,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , 3 : 275 – 287 , Oct. 1931 . EXTERNAL
• 161. Hubbard R. C. , “The straight line developing machine , Trans. SMPE , No. 18, 73 – 85 , May 1924 . EXTERNAL
• 162. Hitchins Alfred B. , “Machine development of negative and positive motion picture film,” Trans. SMPE , No. 22, 46 – 53 , 1925 . EXTERNAL
• 166. Capstaff J. G. Purdy R. A. , “A compact motion picture densitometer,” Trans. SMPE , No. 31, 607 – 612 , 1927 . EXTERNAL