A Psychophysical Study Exploring Judder Using Fundamental Signals and Complex Imagery

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: SMPTE Mot. Imag J.
Volume: 124, No. 7, pp. 62–70
Abstract: There are well-known observations of movie content being displayed at different frame rates. Although the terms are not consistent across the industry, four main degradations are observed of the signal as compared to nonsampled motion (i.e., real-world motion): (1) nonsmooth motion, (2) false multiple edges, (3) flickering, and (4) motion blur. In natural imagery, all four of these effects are generally visible at typical movie frame rates. The spatiotemporal window of visibility has proved successful in describing when motion looks distorted from the real-world smooth motion. However, that model predicts only detection performance and does not address the appearance or magnitude of motion distortions. In addition, well-known image capture and display parameters are also involved with frame rate questions, such as exposure duty cycle (angle), object speed, and object contrast. There are also known interactions with brightness and contrast, which are also generally linked in the end-to-end system. For example, the Ferry-Porter law<sup>1</sup> of psychophysics indicates the temporal frequency bandwidth of vision increases with increasing adapting luminance. We aimed to isolate the nonsmooth motion component of judder in a psychophysical study by using fundamental test signals, such as the Gabor signal. Two-interval forced choice methodology was used to generate interval scales of the magnitude of judder, or judderness. Results are presented for the viewer assessment of the magnitude of judder/judderness as a function of these key parameters tested in isolation.
Publication Date: 2015-10-01
DOI: 10.5594/j18616
ISSN: Print: 1545-0279 | Electronic: 2160-2492
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/j18616
Author(s): Scott Daly
bio
Scott Daly is a senior researcher for Dolby Laboratories working in overall fundamental perceptual issues and efforts to preserve artistic intent throughout the entire video path to reach the viewer. His background includes a B.S.E.E degree from North Carolina State University, and an M.S. in bioengineering from the University of Utah in the 80s. Applying visual models towards digital video and displays, he has publications on spatiotemporal and motion imagery, human interaction with wall-sized displays, high dynamic range and stereoscopic displays. These topics led him to join Dolby Laboratories in 2010, with recent publications on high dynamic range perception. Daly received the Otto Schade Award for Applied Perception from the Society for Information Display in 2011 and a team Emmy Award in 1989–1990 for a video transceiver used in a prominent international news event. He is currently a member of IEEE, SPIE, and SID.
Ning Xu
bio
Ning Xu is currently working with research group of Snapchat, Inc., on computer vision and machine learning problems. Before joining Snapchat in May 2015, had been a senior staff researcher with imaging technology research department of Dolby Laboratories, Inc., since May 2010. Prior to that, he worked at Samsung Research America since April 2004. Xu holds a Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He is a senior member of IEEE, and member of SMPTE, ACM and SID.
James Crenshaw
bio
James E. Crenshaw is director of imaging research at Dolby Labs in Burbank, CA. His current interests include high dynamic range mastering and compression, as well as temporal image processing. Prior to joining Dolby in 2009, he managed research teams in Motorola's corporate research labs, where he was lead architect for one of the first mobile MPEG encoder chips. He holds a Ph.D. from Northwestern and a B.Sc. from the University of Illinois, both in computer engineering. Between undergrad and grad school, Crenshaw served in the Peace Corps as a math teacher in Nepal.
Vikrant J. Zunjarrao
bio
Vickrant Zunjarrao is as color and image quality expert at Microsoft Surface Video Group, where he is responsible for the final image and video tuning/quality in Microsoft Surface products. He has led the effort for technology advancement and solving complex problems related to color and image processing by working with sensors suppliers, ISP vendors, 3A ISP algorithm teams, and system drivers teams. He is motivated to provide color quality improvement of commercial imaging product and offers solid background in imaging technologies, color science, subjective testing, and statistical analysis along with strong algorithm design, computer programming, and engineering experience.
Keyword(s): Judder, Motion Artifacts, Frame Rate
Copyright: © 2015 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

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Scott Daly, Ning Xu, James Crenshaw, and Vikrant J. Zunjarrao; A Psychophysical Study Exploring Judder Using Fundamental Signals and Complex Imagery, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 124, Issue: 7, October 2015); SMPTE, 2015. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/j18616

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Scott Daly, Ning Xu, James Crenshaw, and Vikrant J. Zunjarrao; A Psychophysical Study Exploring Judder Using Fundamental Signals and Complex Imagery, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 124, Issue: 7, October 2015); SMPTE, 2015. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/j18616

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<span class="citation">Scott Daly, Ning Xu, James Crenshaw, and Vikrant J. Zunjarrao; <cite>A Psychophysical Study Exploring Judder Using Fundamental Signals and Complex Imagery</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 124, Issue: 7, October 2015); SMPTE, 2015. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/j18616" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/j18616</a></span>

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Scott Daly, Ning Xu, James Crenshaw, and Vikrant J. Zunjarrao; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j18616">A Psychophysical Study Exploring Judder Using Fundamental Signals and Complex Imagery</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 124, Issue: 7, October 2015); SMPTE, 2015
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