High Frame Rate Television: Sampling Theory, the Human Visual System, and Why the Nyquist–Shannon Theorem Does Not Apply
Metadata
- Publisher
- SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
- Doc Type
- Journal Article
- Content Type
- Original Research
- Abbreviated Title
- SMPTE Mot. Imag. J
- Volume
- 125, No. 3, pp. 46–52
- Abstract
- This paper provides an analysis of video motion portrayal in terms of classic sampling theory, which uses measurements of the human visual system to determine the highest temporal frequency that the frame rate should be able to support. A discussion of the limitations of a traditional sampling theory approach is also presented. Additional analysis is given of the effects of camera shuttering and display processing, which are essential parts of any real system. This is the first time that such analysis has been carried out in the context of ultra-high definition television.
- Publication Date
- 2016-04-01
- DOI
10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998- ISSN
- Print:
1545-0279| Electronic:2160-2492 - Link
- https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998
- Author(s)
- Katy C. NolandBBC
- Keyword(s)
- HFR, Ultra High Definition, Sampling, Motion Blur, Strobing
- Copyright
- © 2016 IEEE
Bibliographic Reference(s)
- High Frame Rates and Human Vision: A View through the Window of Visibility [Active]
- A Psychophysical Study Exploring Judder Using Fundamental Signals and Complex Imagery [Active]
- M. Nilsson, “Ultra high definition video formats and standardisation,” BT Media and Broadcast Research Paper, http://www.mediaand-broadcast.bt.com/wp-content/uploads/D2936-UHDTV-final.pdf, 2015. EXTERNAL
- EBU, “Subjective Testing Confirms Importance of Frame Rate for UHDTV,” https://tech.ebu.ch/news/subjective-testing-confirms-importance-o-07aug13, 2013. EXTERNAL
- M. A. Stone, “A Variable-Standards Camera and Its Use to Investigate the Parameters of an HDTV Studio Standard,” BBC Research Dept. Report RD 1986/14, 1986. EXTERNAL
- C. E. Shannon, “A mathematical theory of communication,” Bell System Technical J., 27(3,4):379–423, 623–656, 1948. EXTERNAL
- G. J. Tonge, “Time-Sampled Motion Portrayal,” Proc. 2nd Intl. Conf. Image Processing and Its Applications, 1986. EXTERNAL
- K. C. Noland, “The application of sampling theory to television frame rate requirements,” BBC R&D White Paper WHP 282, 2014. EXTERNAL
- H. Nyquist, “Certain topics in telegraph transmission theory,” Trans. American Institute of Electrical Engineers, 47(2):617–644, 1928. EXTERNAL
- J. Laird, M. Rosen, J. Pelz, E. Montag, and S. Daly, “Spatiovelocity CSF as a function of retinal velocity using unstabilized stimuli,” Proc. SPIE-IS&T Electronic Imaging 6057, 2006. EXTERNAL
- Y. Kuroki, T. Nishi, S. Kobayashi, H. Oyaizu, and S. Yoshimura, “A psychophysical study of improvements in motion-image quality by using high frame rates,” J. Soc. Information Display, 15(1):61–68, 2007. EXTERNAL
- ITU-R, “The Present State of Ultra High Definition Television,” EXTERNAL
- J. G. Robson, “Spatial and temporal contrast-sensitivity functions of the visual system,” J. Opt. Soc. Am., 56(8):1141–1142, 1966. EXTERNAL
- M. Armstrong, D. Flynn, M. Hammond, S. Jolly, and R. Salmon, “High Frame-Rate Television,” BBC Research White Paper WHP 169, 2008. EXTERNAL
- S. Daly, “Engineering Observations from Spatiovelocity and Spatiotemporal Visual Models,” in C. J. van den Branden Lambrecht (editor), Vision Models and Applications to Image and Video Processing, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2001. EXTERNAL
- D. H. Kelly, “Motion and vision. II. Stabilized spatio-temporal threshold surface,” J. Opt. Soc. Am., 69(10), 1340–1349, 1979. EXTERNAL
- K. C. Noland, “High frame rate television: Sampling theory, the human visual system, and why the Nyquist–Shannon theorem doesn’t apply,” Proc. International Broadcasting Convention (IBC) Conference, 2014. EXTERNAL
- J. O. Drewery, “TV—The Grand Illusion,” IEE Colloq. Motion Reproduction in Television, 1/1–1/7, 1995. [Online]. Available: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?&arnumber=477953. EXTERNAL
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Katy C. Noland; High Frame Rate Television: Sampling Theory, the Human Visual System, and Why the Nyquist–Shannon Theorem Does Not Apply, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 125, Issue: 3, April 2016); SMPTE, 2016. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998
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Katy C. Noland; High Frame Rate Television: Sampling Theory, the Human Visual System, and Why the Nyquist–Shannon Theorem Does Not Apply, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 125, Issue: 3, April 2016); SMPTE, 2016. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998
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Katy C. Noland; High Frame Rate Television: Sampling Theory, the Human Visual System, and Why the Nyquist–Shannon Theorem Does Not Apply, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 125, Issue: 3, April 2016); SMPTE, 2016. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998
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<span class="citation">Katy C. Noland; <cite>High Frame Rate Television: Sampling Theory, the Human Visual System, and Why the Nyquist–Shannon Theorem Does Not Apply</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 125, Issue: 3, April 2016); SMPTE, 2016. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998</a></span>
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Katy C. Noland; High Frame Rate Television: Sampling Theory, the Human Visual System, and Why the Nyquist–Shannon Theorem Does Not Apply, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 125, Issue: 3, April 2016); SMPTE, 2016
doi: 10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998
doi: 10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998
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<li> Katy C. Noland; <cite id="bib-10-5594-jmi-2016-2531998">High Frame Rate Television: Sampling Theory, the Human Visual System, and Why the Nyquist–Shannon Theorem Does Not Apply</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 125, Issue: 3, April 2016); SMPTE, 2016 <span class="doi">10.5594/JMI.2016.2531998</span> </li>