A Short History of Motion-Picture Sound Recording in the United States

Bibliographic Reference(s)

• Class B Push-Pull Recording for Original Negatives [Active]
• Western Electric Noiseless Recording [Active]
• Recent Developments in Theater Loud Speakers of the Directional Baffle Type [Active]
• Vertical Sound Records : Recent Fundamental Advances in Mechanical Records on Wax [Active]
• The Production of Wide-Range, Low-Distortion Optical Soundtracks Utilizing the Dolby Noise Reduction System [Active]
• Two- and Three-Channel Stereophonic Photographic Soundtracks for Theaters and Television [Active]
• An Improved System for Noiseless Recording [Active]
• The ABC of Photographic Sound Recording [Active]
• Straight-Line and Toe Records with the Light-Valve [Active]
• The Ribbon Microphone [Active]
• Improved Resolution in Sound Recording and Printing by the use of Ultraviolet Light [Active]
• Stereophonic Photographic Soundtracks [Active]
• The Stereophonic Sound-Film System—Pre- and Post-Equalization of Compandor Systems [Active]
• The Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Variable-Density Recording and Printing [Active]
• Joseph T. Tykociner: Pioneer in Sound Recording [Active]
• Analysis and measurement of distortion in variable-density recording [Active]
• A Compatible Photographic Stereophonic Sound System [Active]
• Single-Element Unidirectional Microphone [Active]
• Historical Development of Sound Films [Active]
• An Improved Loudspeaker System for Theaters [Active]
• Fantasound [Active]
• Elimination of Relative Spectral Energy Distortion in Electronic Compressors [Active]
• Push-Pull Recording with the Light-Valve [Active]
• Push-Pull Recording [Active]
• Theoretical Notes on the Push-Pull Method of Recording Sound [Active]
• Modulated high-frequency recording as a means of determining conditions for optimal processing [Active]
• Galvanometers for Variable Area Recording [Active]
• The Electrostatic Uniangular Microphone [Active]
• 1. Fielding Raymond , A Technological History of Motion Pictures and Television , Univ. of California Press , Berkeley, Calif. , 1967 . EXTERNAL
• 10. Wente E. C. , “A condenser transmitter as a uniformly sensitive instrument for the absolute measurement of sound intensity,” Phys. Rev. , 10 : 30 – 63 , July 1917 ; Wente, “The sensitivity and precision of the electrostatic transmitter for measuring sound intensities,” Phys. Rev., 19: 498–503, May 1922. EXTERNAL
• 11. Frederick Halsey A. , “Recent advances in wax recording,” Trans. SMPE : No. 35, 709 – 729 , 1928 . EXTERNAL
• 12. MacKenzie Donald , “Sound recording with the light valve,” Trans. SMPE : No. 35, 730 – 747 , Sept. 1928 . EXTERNAL
• 15. Hardy Arthur C. , “The rendering of tone values in the photographic recording of sound,” Trans. SMPE : No. 31, 475 – 491 , Sept. 1927 . EXTERNAL
• 2. Zworykin V. , “Kerr cell method of recording sound,” Trans. SMPE : No. 35, 748 – 759 , Sept. 1928 . EXTERNAL
• 28. Norwine A. C. , “Devices for controlling amplitude,” Bell System Tech. Jour. , 17 : 539 , Oct. 1938 . EXTERNAL
• 3. Tykocinski-Tykociner J. , “Photographic recording and photoelectric reproduciton of sound,” Trans. SMPE : No. 16, 90 – 119 , May 1923 . EXTERNAL
• 32. Wente E. C. Thuras A. L. , “Moving coil telephone receivers and microphones,” J. Acous. Soc. Am. , 3 : 44 , 1931 . EXTERNAL
• 34. Olson Harry F. , “A unidirectional microphone,” J. Acous. Soc. Am. , 3 : 315 , 1932 . EXTERNAL
• 35. Marshall R. N. Harry W. R. , “New microphone providing uniform directivity over an extended frequency range,” J. Acous. Soc. Am. , 12 : 481 , 1941 . EXTERNAL
• 36. Bauer B. B. , “Uniphase directional microphones,” J. Acous. Soc. Am. , 13 : 41 , 1941 . EXTERNAL
• 37. Olson Harry F. , “Polydirectional microphones,” Proc. Inst. Radio Engrs. , 32 : 77 , 1944 . EXTERNAL
• 40. Sessler G. M. West J. E. , “Condenser microphones with electret foil diaphragms,” J. Acous. Soc. Am. , 12 : 129 , 1964 . EXTERNAL
• 41. For a more detailed exposition on microphones see Harry Olson, Modern Sound Reproduction , Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. , New York, N.Y. , 1972 . EXTERNAL
• 42. Research Council Bulletin Standard Electrical Reproducing Characteristic , Oct. 1938 . EXTERNAL
• 43. Green I. W. Maxfield J. P. , “Public address system,” Trans. AIEE , 42 : 64 , 1923 . EXTERNAL
• 44. Wente E. C. Thuras A. L. , “A high efficiency receiver for horn loudspeakers with large power capacity,” Bell System Tec. Jour. , 7 : 140 , 1928 . EXTERNAL
• 46. Wente E. C. Thuras A. L. , “Loudspeakers and microphones,” Bell System Tech. Jour. , 13 : 259 , 1934 . EXTERNAL
• 47. Hilliard John K. , “A study of theater loud speakers and resultant development of the Shearer two-way horn system,” Jour. SMPE , 7 : 45 – 60 , July 1936 . EXTERNAL
• 49. May A. J. , “Distribution characteristics of cylindrical radiators,” J. Acous. Soc. Am. , 25 : 820 , 1953 . EXTERNAL
• 5. DeForest Lee , “The Phonofilm” Trans. SMPE : No. 16, 61 – 77 , May 1923 . EXTERNAL
• 50. Hilliard John K. , “An improved theater loudspeaker,” J. Aud. Eng. Soc. , 17 : 512 , 1969 . EXTERNAL
• 53. Dolby Ray M. , “An audio noise reduction system,” J. Aud. Eng. Soc. , 15 : 383 – 388 , Oct. 1967 . EXTERNAL
• 7. Jones L. A. , “On the theory of tone reproduction with a graphic method for the solution of problems,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. , 4 : 420 , 1920 . EXTERNAL
• 8. Maxfield J. P. Harrison H. C. , “Methods of high quality recording and reproducing of music and speech,” Bell System Tech. Jour. , 5 : 493 , July 1926 . EXTERNAL
• 9. Rainey P. M. , “Some technical aspects of the Vitaphone,” Trans. SMPE : No. 30, 294 – 317 , Aug. 1927 . EXTERNAL