Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 17, Issue: 6, December 1931)

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Reducing and Intensifying Solutions for Motion Picture Film

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPE
Volume: 17, No. 6, pp. 1001–1053
Abstract: The properties of a large number of known intensifying and reducing solutions have been studied in detail to determine formulas suitable for use with motion picture film. For intensification, the chromium, Monckhoven (mercury), and silver intensifiers were the most satisfactory. The Monckhoven intensifier is useful for extreme intensification where permanence is not essential and the chromium intensifier is suitable for negatives where a medium increase in contrast is desirable. The degree of intensification with the chromium method may be controlled within limits by a variation of the time of redevelopment. For negatives and projection prints, intensification with silver has been found to give strictly neutral images and the process permits of easy control of the degree of intensification. So far as is known, both the chromium and silver intensified images are stable. For subtractive reduction, such as in the case of overexposures or fogged images, the use of either (1) a two-bath formula comprising separate solutions of potassium ferricyanide and sodium thiosulfate, or (2) a modification of the Belitzski reducer is suitable. Where proportional reduction is required, a solution containing ferric ammonium sulfate with sulfuric acid is recommended. It has been found that the above methods of intensification and reduction are applicable to sound film with the possible exception of subtractive reduction which, by virtue of the lowering of resolving power, causes a loss of high frequencies.
Publication Date: 1931-12-01
DOI: 10.5594/J07492
ISSN: Print: 0097-5834
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J07492
Author(s): J. I. Crabtree
L. E. Muehler
Copyright: © 1931 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

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J. I. Crabtree and L. E. Muehler; Reducing and Intensifying Solutions for Motion Picture Film, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 17, Issue: 6, December 1931); SMPTE, 1931. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J07492

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J. I. Crabtree and L. E. Muehler; Reducing and Intensifying Solutions for Motion Picture Film, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 17, Issue: 6, December 1931); SMPTE, 1931. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J07492

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<span class="citation">J. I. Crabtree and L. E. Muehler; <cite>Reducing and Intensifying Solutions for Motion Picture Film</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 17, Issue: 6, December 1931); SMPTE, 1931. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J07492" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J07492</a></span>

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J. I. Crabtree and L. E. Muehler; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j07492">Reducing and Intensifying Solutions for Motion Picture Film</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 17, Issue: 6, December 1931); SMPTE, 1931
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