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Current document root: Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 17, Issue: 6, December 1931)

Reducing and Intensifying Solutions for Motion Picture Film

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  • 1 Jones Chapman : “On the Product of the Action of Mercuric Chloride upon Metallic Silver,” J. Soc. Chem. Ind. , 12 ( 1893 ), p. 983 .EXTERNAL
  • 10 Crowther R. E. : “A Modified Bleacher in Chromium Intensification,” B. J. Phot. , 66 ( 1919 ), p. 709 ; B. J. Almanac (1921), p. 368 .EXTERNAL
  • 11 Bunel L. J. : “Harmonizing Negatives by Intensification with Chromium,” Phot. Rev. , 35 ( 1923 ), p. 89 ; B. J. Phot. , 70 (1923), p. 625. Cf. Crowther, R. E.: “A Modified Bleacher in Chromium Intensification,” B. J. Phot. , 66 (1919), p. 709 .EXTERNAL
  • 12 Wall E. J. : “Some Historical Notes (Monckhoven's Intensifier),” B. J. Phot. , 48 ( 1921 ), p. 198 .EXTERNAL
  • 13 Wellington J. B. B. : “An Improved Silver Intensifier for Gelatine Plates,” B. J. Almanac ( 1889 ), p. 575 ; “Silver Intensification (Slightly Modified Formula),” B. J. Almanac (1890), p. 588; “A New Method of the Application of the Wellington Silver Intensifier,” Amat. Phot., 54 (July 24, 1911), p. 89; B. J. Phot. , 58 (1911), p. 551; Ibid. , 63 (1916), p. 21; B. J. Almanac (1912), p. 604; Phot. Chronik , 18 (1911), p. 370; Eder's Jahrbuch , 26 (1912), p. 501 .EXTERNAL
  • 14 Balagny G. : “Silver Intensifier Employing Sodium Silver Sulfite,” B. J. Phot. , 44 ( 1897 ), p. 552 .EXTERNAL
  • 15 Blake-Smith R. E. : “Silver Intensification of Dry Plate Negatives,” B. J. Phot. , 56 ( 1909 ), p. 82 ; “Further Notes on Silver Intensification,” Ibid. , 57 (1910), p. 43; Ibid. , 63 (1916), p. 20 .EXTERNAL
  • 16 Von Hübl : “Silver Intensifier for Collodion Negatives,” Eder's Jahrbuch , ( 1891 ), p. 179 ; B. J. Almanac (1891), p. 714 .EXTERNAL
  • 17 Wall E. J. : “History of Three-Color Photography,” American Photographic Publishing Co. , Boston, Mass . ( 1925 ), pp. 364 – 89 .EXTERNAL
  • 18 Wilsey R. B. : “Intensification and Reduction with Pyro Developer,” B. J. Phot. , 66 ( 1919 ), p. 721 .EXTERNAL
  • 19 Aktiengesellschaft für Anilinfabrikation , “A Single Solution Mercury Intensifier,” D. R. (German) Patents Nos. 109,860 and 110,357 ( 1899 ).EXTERNAL
  • 2 Wall E. J. : “Intensification and Reduction,” American Photographic Publishing Co. , Boston, Mass . ( 1927 ). An excellent treatise which summarizes methods and presents an extensive bibliography.EXTERNAL
  • 20 Capstaff J. G. Seymour M. W. : “The Duplication of Motion Picture Negatives,” Trans. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. ( 1926 ), No. 28, p. 223 ; Amer. Phot. , 21 (1927), p. 98; Amer. Cinemat. , 7 (Dec, 1926), p. 9; Kinotechnik , 8 (1926), p. 617 .EXTERNAL
  • 21 Ives C E. Huse E. : “Notes on Making Duplicate Negatives,” Trans. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. ( 1928 ), No. 34, p. 382 ; Amer. Cinemat. , 9 (1928), p. 17; Filmtechnik , 4 (1928), p. 322; B. J. Phot. , 75 (1928), p. 677; Sci. Ind. Phot. , 9A (1929), p. 1 .EXTERNAL
  • 22 Luther R. : “Concerning Reducers,” Phot. Rund. , 24 ( 1910 ), p. 165 .EXTERNAL
  • 23 Farmer H. : “A Convenient Reducing Agent,” Yearbook of Photography ( 1884 ), p. 59 .EXTERNAL
  • 24 Stürenburg G. : “The Use of Sodium Carbonate in the Farmer's Reducer,” Der Photo ( 1902 ). p. 60 ; Eder's Jahrbuch , 16 (1902), p. 561 .EXTERNAL
  • 25 Scheffer W. : “Microscopic Investigations of the Action of Ammonium Persulfate and the Ferricyanide-Hypo Reducer,” Eder's Handbuch ( 1907 ), p. 26 ; “Further Investigations on Photographic Reduction,” Eder's Handbuch (1908), p. 113 .EXTERNAL
  • 26 Stenger E. Heller H. : “A Note on the Farmer's Reducer,” B. J. Phot. , 59 ( 1912 ), p. 178 .EXTERNAL
  • 27 Piper C. W. : “A New Reducer,” B. J. Phot. , 55 ( 1908 ), p. 319 ; Ibid. , 56 (1909), p. 233; cf. reference 28.EXTERNAL
  • 28 Renwick F. F. : “The Ferricyanide-Hypo Reducer,” B. J. Phot. , 55 ( 1908 ), p. 349 .EXTERNAL
  • 29 Baker H. : “Intensifying and Reducing,” B. J. Phot. , 60 ( 1913 ), p. 708 .EXTERNAL
  • 3 Jones Chapman : “The Optical Effects of Intensification,” Phot. J. , 21 ( 1897 ), p. 233 ; “Intensification by Mercuric Chloride and Ferrous Oxalate,” Ibid. , 50 (1910), p. 238; “On the Proposed Substitutes for Ferrous Oxalate in Mercurical Intensification,” Ibid. , 50 (1910), p. 241. See also, “A System of Intensification” (first use of ferrous oxalate as a redeveloper), Phot. News , 32 (1888), p. 18; “On Control of the Density of Negatives” (chemistry of redevelopment with Na 2 SO 3 and ferrous oxalate), Phot. J. , 14 (1890), p. 40 .EXTERNAL
  • 30 Haddon A. : “Potassium Ferricyanide and Ammonium Sulfocyanide Reducer,” B. J. Phot. , 39 ( 1892 ), pp. 49 , 60 ; Phot. News , 36 (1892), p. 62; Phot. Annual , 32 (1893), p. 98; Eder's Jahrbuch (1892), p. 190 .EXTERNAL
  • 31 Belitzski L. : “A Stable Reducer,” Eder's Handbuch , 485 ( 1891 ), p. 41 .EXTERNAL
  • 32 Namias R. : “Reduction of Negatives by Means of Permanganate with Acetic Acid,” Il prog. fot. , 32 ( 1925 ), p. 185 ; Kodak Abstract Bulletin , 11 (1925), p. 511 .EXTERNAL
  • 33 Hanneke P. : “New Methods of Reduction,” Das Atelier des phot. , 33 ( 1926 ), p. 93 .EXTERNAL
  • 34 Robin G. : “A Study of Some Photographic Reducers,” Sci. Ind. Phot. (2nd Series), II ( 1931 ), No. 1 , p. 24 .EXTERNAL
  • 35 Lumière A. Lumière L. Seyewetz A. : “The Use of Various Salts as Photographic Reducers,” Bull. Soc. Franç. Phot. , 47 ( 1900 ), p. 103 ; B. J. Phot. , 47 (1900), p. 104; Eder's Jahrbuch (1900), p. 425; Phot. J. , 40 (1900), p. 208; Ibid. , 41 (1901), p. 177 .EXTERNAL
  • 36 Huse K. Nietz A. H. : “Proportional Reducers,” B. J. Phot. , 63 ( 1916 ), p. 580 ; Australasian Phot. Rev. (Dec, 1916). Cf. Deck: Australasian Phot. Rev. (June, 1916). Schuller, A.: Phot. Rund. , 24 (1910), p. 117 .EXTERNAL
  • 37 Lumière A. Lumière L. Seyewetz A. : “Action of Quinones and Their Sulfonates upon Photographic Images,” Compt. rend. , 151 ( 1910 ), p. 616 ; Chem. Zentrbl. , 2 (1910), p. 1796; B. J. Phot. , 57 (1910), p. 625; Eder's Jahrbuch (1911), p. 30 .EXTERNAL
  • 38 Steigman A. : “Mercuric Nitrate and Sulfate as Proportional Reducers,” Phot. Ind. (Aug. 31, 1921 ), p. 697 .EXTERNAL
  • 39 Gehrling (according to Luther) : “Solutions of Ferric Sulfate as Proportional Reducers,” Trans. Faraday Soc. , 19 , Part 2, (Nov., 1923 ), p. 342 .EXTERNAL
  • 4 Jones L. A. Wilsey R. B. : “The Spectral Selectivity of Photographic Deposits,” J. Franklin Inst. , 185 ( 1918 ), No. 2 , p. 231 .EXTERNAL
  • 40 Krauss H. : “Reduction of Photographic Plates with Ferric Ammonium Sulfate,” Zeit. wiss. phot. 18 ( 1919 ), p. 192 ; Chemical Abstracts , 13 (1919), p. 1565 .EXTERNAL
  • 41 Strauss P. : “A New Reducer,” Amer. Phot. , 21 (Feb., 1927 ), p. 112 .EXTERNAL
  • 42 Seyewetz A. : “Reactions Produced in the Various Methods of Dissolving the Silver Image,” Rev. franç. phot. , 10 ( 1929 ), p. 365 .EXTERNAL
  • 43 Lumière A. Lumière L. Seyewetz A. : “The Peculiar Action of Ammonium Persulfate upon Photographic Images,” Phot. Korr. , 35 ( 1898 ), p. 466 ; Bull. Soc. franç. phot. , 45 (1898), p. 395; Ibid. , 46 (1899), p. 226; The Phot. J. , 39 (1899), pp. 139 and 266; B. J. Almanac (1899), p. 818; Phot. Annual (1898), p. 45 .EXTERNAL
  • 44 Sheppard S. E. : “The Effect of the Iron Content of Ammonium Persulfate on Its Photographic Reducing Power,” Phot. J. (Amer.) , 55 ( 1918 ), p. 299 ; B. J. Phot. , 65 (1918), p. 314; Il. prog. fot. , 25 (1918), p. 151; Phot. J. , 45 (1921), p. 450; “Persulfate Reduction,” Phot. J. , 45 (1921), p. 450 .EXTERNAL
  • 45 Marshall H. : “The Action of Silver Salts on a Solution of Ammonium Persulfate,” Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh , 23 ( 1901 ), p. 163 ; Phot. J. , 41 (1901), p. 340 .EXTERNAL
  • 46 Stenger E. Heller H. : “Reduction with Persulfate,” Zeit. wiss. Phot. , 9 ( 1910 ), p. 73 ; B. J. Almanac (1912), p. 607 .EXTERNAL
  • 47 Schuller A. : “Chemical Reactions of Photographic Reduction with Ammonium Persulfate,” Phot. Rund. , 20 ( 1910 ), p. 161 ; Ibid. , 22 (1912), p. 235 .EXTERNAL
  • 48 Lüppo-Cramer : “The Chemical Action in the Reducing Process with Persulfates,” Phot. Korr. , 38 ( 1901 ), pp. 17 , 134 ; Phot. J. , 25 (1901), p. 227; Kolloidchemie und Photographie , T. Steinkopff, Dresden (1908).EXTERNAL
  • 49 Lumière A. Lumière L. Seyewetz A. : “On Irregularities in the Action of the Persulfate Reducer,” B. J. Phot. , 68 ( 1921 ), p. 124 .EXTERNAL
  • 5 Nietz A. H. Huse K. : “The Sensitometry of Photographic Intensification,” Phot. J. , 58 ( 1918 ), p. 81 ; J. Franklin Inst. , 185 (1918), p. 389 .EXTERNAL
  • 50 Eder J. Toth H. : “Announcement of a Method of Reduction Consisting of Halogenizing Followed by Redevelopment,” Phot. Korr. , 18 ( 1881 ), p. 111 ; Handbuch , 2nd Edition (1883), p. 180 .EXTERNAL
  • 51 Piper C. W. : “Reduction by Redevelopment,” B. J. Phot. , 58 ( 1911 ), p. 890 ; Ibid. , 63 (1916), p. 167; Ibid. , 64 (1917), p. 787 .EXTERNAL
  • 52 Wilsey R. E. : “Intensification and Reduction with Pyro Developers,” B. J. Phot. , 66 ( 1919 ), p. 721 .EXTERNAL
  • 53 “The Tinting and Toning of Eastman Positive Motion Picture Film,” Eastman Kodak Co. , Rochester, N. Y.EXTERNAL
  • 54 “The Suitability of Materials for the Construction of Photographic Processing Apparatus,” Eastman Kodak Co. , Rochester, N. Y.EXTERNAL
  • 55 Sandvik O. : “On the Measurement of Resolving Power of Photographic Materials,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. , 14 ( 1927 ), p. 169 ; B. J. Phot. , 74 (1927), p. 507; Z. wiss. Phot. , 24 (1927), p. 336; Kinotechnik , 9 (1927), p. 204 .EXTERNAL
  • Sandvik O. : “The Dependence of the Resolving Power of a Photographic Material upon the Contrast in the Object,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. , 16 ( 1928 ), p. 244 ; Phot. J. , 68 (1928), p. 313; Sci. Ind. Phot. , 8M (1928), 18 el seq. .EXTERNAL
  • Sandvik O. : “On the Measurement of Resolving Power of Photographic Materials,” Proc. Seventh International Congress Phot. ( 1928 ), p. 243 ; Kinotechnik , 11 (1929), 49 et seq.EXTERNAL
  • 6 Piper C. W. Carnegie D. J. : “Intensification and Redevelopment—A New Process,” Amat. Phot. , 40 (Oct. 25, 1904 ), p. 336 ; “Correspondence with T. S. Teape,” Ibid. , 40 (Nov. 15, 1904), p. 397; “Intensification and Redevelopment. I,” Ibid. , 41 (June 6, 1905), p. 453; Eder's Jahrbuch , 19 (1905), p. 420; B. J. Almanac (1906), p. 794 .EXTERNAL
  • 7 Piper C. W. : (Reply to T. Baker) “Intensification by the Chromium Process,” B. J. Phot. , 53 ( 1906 ), p. 367 .EXTERNAL
  • 8 Bothamley C. H. : “The Chromium Intensifier,” Phot. J. , 58 ( 1918 ), p. 52 ; B. J. Phot. , 65 (1918), p. 123; B. J. Almanac (1919), p. 278 .EXTERNAL
  • 9 Lumière A. Seyewetz A. : “Chromium Intensification with Chlorochromates,” B. J. Phot. , 66 ( 1919 ), p. 709 ; B. J. Almanac (1920), p. 369 .EXTERNAL