The Use of Bleach-Fixing Baths in Color Motion-Picture Film Processing

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPTE
Volume: 82, No. 7, pp. 542–547
Abstract: After a short historical survey the principles and general properties of the modern bleach-fixing bath are outlined. The main ingredients are the ferri-complex of ethylene diamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and hypo or ammonium thiosulfate. The EDTA bleach-fixing bath was introduced in the early 1950s by Agfa and Gevaert for the processing of color paper. In order to meet the ever-increasing demands for simpler, faster and cleaner processes, the application of the EDTA bleach-fixing bath in the processing of motion-picture color film, particularly the Gevacolor Print Film, has been examined recently. It has been found that with this bath these goals can readily be attained. The proposed shortened processing seems worthwhile from the practical, economic and ecological points of view. Practical solutions are proposed concerning the desilvering and regeneration of the used bleach-fixing bath.
Publication Date: 1973-07-01
DOI: 10.5594/J08841
ISSN: Print: 0361-4573
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J08841
Author(s): R. Roosen
G. Vanreusel
R. G. L. Verbrugghe
Copyright: © 1973 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

Reducing and Intensifying Solutions for Motion Picture Film [Active]
Present Status of Silver Recovery in Motion-Picture Laboratories: A Tutorial Paper [Active]
Disposal of Waste Effluents from Motion-Picture Film Processing [Active]
1. Farmer H. , “A Convenient Reducing Agent,” in Yearbook of Photography , 1884 . EXTERNAL
10. Agfa patents (a) DAS 1.155.980, Belg. B. 630.320, Brit. P. 988.967, Fr. P. 1.352.544, USP 3.293.036, (b) DPa.2.041.325/6, DPa. 2.059.988.6, DPa.2.129.202.4, DPa.2.129.-202.4. EXTERNAL
11. DPa.2.137.349.5. EXTERNAL
12. (a) Fuji, Belg. B. 698.038, Ja. 6.5.66 (28.377); Belg. B. 707.861, Ja. 14.12.66 (81.967); Belg. B. 708.960, DOS 1.772.945, Ja. 28.7.67 (48.560); (b) Ilford, Brit. P. 1.032.-024; DOS 1.937.727; DOS 2.063.575; DOS 2.101.344; DOS 2.101.436; Brit. P. 1.131.-335; Brit. P. 1.131.096; Brit. P. 1.170.973 (c) Kodak USP 2.748.000; USP 3.189.452; CD 827.076; USP 3.582.322; DOS 2.054.-060; DOS 1.961.997; DOS 2.104.592. EXTERNAL
15. Kodak Publication J-28 “Disposal of Photographic Processing Wastes.” . EXTERNAL
16. Kodak Publication J-41 “BOD5” , 1972 . EXTERNAL
17. Scharpe C. J. , “The desilvering of bleach-fix solutions by electrolysis,” J. Phot. Sci. , 20 : 13 – 18 , 1972 . EXTERNAL
18. Kodak Publication J-9 “Silver Recovery with the Kodak Chemical Recovering Cartridge P” ; also, “Pako B/F-R System,” Pako Corp. EXTERNAL
2. Belitzki L. , “A stable reducer,” in Eder's Jahrbuch , 1891 . EXTERNAL
3. Mutter E. , Die wissenschaftliche und angewandte Photographic , Band V — Farbphotographie, p. 243 , Springer-Verlag , Vienna-New York , 1967 . EXTERNAL
5. Haddon A. , “Potassium Ferricyanide and Ammonium Sulfocyanide Reducer,” Brit. Jour. Phot. , 39 : 49 , 60 , 1892 ; Phot. News 36: 62, 1892; Phot. Annual, 32: 93, 1893; Eder's Jahrbuch, p. 190, 1892. EXTERNAL
6. Heilmann M. , “Ueber das Agfacolor-Bleichfixierbad,” Mitteilungen aus den Forschungslaboratorien Agfa, Leverkusen-München 1 : 256 – 261 , Springer-Verlag , Berlin , 1955 . EXTERNAL
7. Vanreusel G. Luyten P. , “Recent progress in Gevacolor processing,” Photog. Jour. , 288 – 290 , Nov. 1960 . EXTERNAL
8. Jones S. S. Long F. A. , “Complex Ions from Iron and Ethylene-diaminetetraacetate: General Properties and Radioactive Exchange,” Jour. Phys. Chem. , 56 : 25 , Jan. 1952 . EXTERNAL
9. Agfa patents (a) DP 966.410, Belg. B. 528.764, Brit. P. 746.567, Fr. P. 1.100.559, (b) Schw. P. 336.257, DPA 19.285, (c) DAS 1.127.715, Belg. B. 601.636, Brit. P. 926.569, Schw. P. 391.465, (d) DAS 1.146.363, Belg. B. 604.974, Brit. P. 933.008, Fr. P. 1.292.118, USP 3.241.966, (e) DP 1.290.812, a. o. EXTERNAL

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R. Roosen, G. Vanreusel, and R. G. L. Verbrugghe; The Use of Bleach-Fixing Baths in Color Motion-Picture Film Processing, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 82, Issue: 7, July 1973); SMPTE, 1973. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J08841

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R. Roosen, G. Vanreusel, and R. G. L. Verbrugghe; The Use of Bleach-Fixing Baths in Color Motion-Picture Film Processing, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 82, Issue: 7, July 1973); SMPTE, 1973. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J08841

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<span class="citation">R. Roosen, G. Vanreusel, and R. G. L. Verbrugghe; <cite>The Use of Bleach-Fixing Baths in Color Motion-Picture Film Processing</cite>, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 82, Issue: 7, July 1973); SMPTE, 1973. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J08841" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J08841</a></span>

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R. Roosen, G. Vanreusel, and R. G. L. Verbrugghe; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j08841">The Use of Bleach-Fixing Baths in Color Motion-Picture Film Processing</cite>, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 82, Issue: 7, July 1973); SMPTE, 1973
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