Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 65, Issue: 7, July 1956)
[ACTIVE]
Increasing the Washing Rate of Motion-Picture Films with Salt Solutions
Metadata
- Publisher
- SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
- Doc Type
- Journal Article
- Content Type
- Original Research
- Abbreviated Title
- J SMPTE
- Volume
- 65, No. 7, pp. 378–381
- Abstract
- Adsorbed thiosulfates may be effectively eliminated from films by the use of salt solutions. The salts may be employed in the wash water, as when washing with sea water, or as a separate bath previous to washing. The rate of elimination is largely controlled by the anion, and monovalent anions such as acetate and chloride are less effective than polyvalent anions such as sulfate, sulfite, phosphate and citrate. These principles are incorporated in the Kodak Hypo Clearing Agent (K.H.C.A.). The effectiveness of this bath is most striking with films fixed in strongly hardening alum fixing baths and washed in cold water. Under these conditions, it is not unusual for the hypo to be reduced to 1% of that left by washing alone for equal periods. The results obtained when this product is applied to machine, spray, and rewind processing of motion-picture films, microfilms and aerial films are described. In general, savings are effected in both the time required and the water consumed, while very low levels of residual hypo are attained.
- Publication Date
- 1956-07-01
- DOI
10.5594/J13953- ISSN
- Print:
0361-4573 - Link
- https://doi.org/10.5594/J13953
- Author(s)
- J. I. CrabtreeResearch Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester 4, N.Y.R. W. HennResearch Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester 4, N.Y.
- Copyright
- © 1956 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.
Bibliographic Reference(s)
- A Method of Testing for the Presence of Sodium Thiosulfate in Motion Picture Films [Active]
- A Review of Hypo Testing Methods [Active]
- The Removal of Hypo and Silver Salts from Photographic Materials as Affected by the Composition of the Processing Solutions [Active]
- Washing Photographic Films and Prints in Sea Water [Active]
- Some Principles of Spray Processing [Active]
- The Elimination of Hypo from Photographic Images [Active]
- 9. Sheppard S. E. , “The removal of free acid from nitrocellulose, with special reference to the use of saline leaches,” J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 13 : 1017 , Nov, 1921 . EXTERNAL
- 10. Henn R. W. Crabtree J. I. , “A reference scale for hypo determination in film with acid silver nitrate,” PSA Journal (Phot. Sci. & Tech.) 1 : 53 – 54 , Aug, 1954 . EXTERNAL
- 11. American Standard for Films for Permanent Records , Z38.3.2- 1945 (American Standards Association, Inc., 70 East 45th St., New York 17, N.Y.). EXTERNAL
- 5. Photographic Times 19 : 38 , 1889 (editorial quote of Bannow). EXTERNAL
- 6. Baysellance O. , “Procédé pour le lavage des positifs sur papier,” Phot. Revue 12 : 32 , July 26, 1903 . EXTERNAL
- 8. American Standard Method of Determining the Melting Point of the Photographic Layer of Films , Plates, and Papers, Z38.8.20– 1948 (American Standards Association, Inc., 70 East 45th St., New York 17, N.Y.). EXTERNAL
- 8a. Henn R. W. King Nancy H. Crabtree J. I. , “The effect of salt baths on hypo and silver elimination,” Phot. Eng. (to be published). EXTERNAL
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J. I. Crabtree and R. W. Henn; Increasing the Washing Rate of Motion-Picture Films with Salt Solutions, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 65, Issue: 7, July 1956); SMPTE, 1956. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J13953
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J. I. Crabtree and R. W. Henn; Increasing the Washing Rate of Motion-Picture Films with Salt Solutions, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 65, Issue: 7, July 1956); SMPTE, 1956. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J13953
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J. I. Crabtree and R. W. Henn; Increasing the Washing Rate of Motion-Picture Films with Salt Solutions, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 65, Issue: 7, July 1956); SMPTE, 1956. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J13953
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<span class="citation">J. I. Crabtree and R. W. Henn; <cite>Increasing the Washing Rate of Motion-Picture Films with Salt Solutions</cite>, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 65, Issue: 7, July 1956); SMPTE, 1956. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J13953" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J13953</a></span>
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J. I. Crabtree and R. W. Henn; Increasing the Washing Rate of Motion-Picture Films with Salt Solutions, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 65, Issue: 7, July 1956); SMPTE, 1956
doi: 10.5594/J13953
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/J13953
doi: 10.5594/J13953
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/J13953
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<li> J. I. Crabtree and R. W. Henn; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j13953">Increasing the Washing Rate of Motion-Picture Films with Salt Solutions</cite>, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 65, Issue: 7, July 1956); SMPTE, 1956 <span class="doi">10.5594/J13953</span> </li>