Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 35, Issue: 11, November 1940)

[ACTIVE]

The Elimination of Hypo from Photographic Images

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE
Doc Type: Journal Article
Article Type: research-article
Abstract: It is very difficult, if not impossible, to remove the last traces of hypo from photographic papers by any known procedure of washing. The sulfur in the residual hypo ultimately, and especially under abnormal conditions of temperature and humidity, combines with the silver image to form yellowish-brown silver sulfide. This phenomenon is known as sulfiding or “fading” of the image. The various factors which affect the rate of fading of images and the washing out of hypo from films and papers are outlined. Chemical methods of hypo elimination. have been proposed from time to time but the majority of these have not been satisfactory bemuse they tend to leave substances such as thionates in the photographic material, which are equally as difficult to wash out as hypo and which also tend to sulfide or fade the silver image. A new hypo eliminator is recommended consisting of two volatile chemicals, hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. This eliminator oxidizes the hypo to sodium sulfate, which is inert and soluble in water, while any excess eliminator evaporates on drying. Two formulas and treatments are proposed: (1) Complete elimination of hypo for use by the professional, advanced amateur, and photofinisher who demand the highest standard of photographic quality in their prints. (2) Almost complete elimination of hypo (less than 0.01 milligram per square inch). Since the conditions to which prints will be subjected are rarely known in advance, use of the “complete elimination treatment” is advised in all cases.
Publication Date: 1940-11-01
DOI: 10.5594/J14622
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J14622
Author(s): J.I. Crabtree, G. T. Eaton, L.E. Muehler

Source Data (JSON)

Full registry record with provenance metadata. Open directly: /api/doc/10.5594-J14622.json

Reference this Doc

Plain text (ISO 690 compliant)

Preview:

J.I. Crabtree, G. T. Eaton, and L.E. Muehler; The Elimination of Hypo from Photographic Images, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 35, Issue: 11, November 1940); SMPTE, 1940. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J14622

Snippet:

J.I. Crabtree, G. T. Eaton, and L.E. Muehler; The Elimination of Hypo from Photographic Images, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 35, Issue: 11, November 1940); SMPTE, 1940. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J14622

HTML (ISO 690 compliant)

Preview:

Snippet:

<span class="citation">J.I. Crabtree, G. T. Eaton, and L.E. Muehler; <cite>The Elimination of Hypo from Photographic Images</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 35, Issue: 11, November 1940); SMPTE, 1940. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J14622" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J14622</a></span>

SMPTE's HTML Pub

Preview:

Snippet:

<li>
J.I. Crabtree, G. T. Eaton, and L.E. Muehler; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j14622">The Elimination of Hypo from Photographic Images</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 35, Issue: 11, November 1940); SMPTE, 1940
<span class="doi">10.5594/J14622</span>
</li>