An Investigation of Agitation in a Continuous Immersion Film Process

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPTE
Volume: 75, No. 10, pp. 996–1001
Abstract: A successful agitation system in deep-tank film processes must cause the solution to move uniformly at a desired energy level and must adequately and uniformly supply fresh solution to the emulsion surface. A theoretical and practical investigation of a film strand moving through a processing solution has shown that the boundary layer between film and solution is laminar for all practical processing speeds. Laboratory tests have indicated that density nonuniformity caused by poor or insufficient agitation can be improved by the proper use of submerged nozzles. This work was made possible by a technique developed in the Kodak Research Laboratories, in which the by-products of development can be observed as they are formed. Hydroquinone sulfonate, a principal by-product of development, fluoresces when excited by ultraviolet light, producing a fluorescent layer of material on the emulsion surface, which visually shows the effect of any disturbance caused by the agitation mechanism.
Publication Date: 1966-10-01
DOI: 10.5594/J07079
ISSN: Print: 0361-4573
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J07079
Author(s): Walter C. SnyderPhotographic Technology Div., Kodak Park Works, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y. 14650
Copyright: © 1966 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

Photographic Processing Equipment [Active]
The Effect of Developer Agitation on Density Uniformity and Rate of Development [Active]
1. Murray T. J. Schottmiller R. A. Snyder W. C. , “Ultraviolet fluorescence of developer by-products and its use in agitation studies,” presented at SPSE Symposium on Color Photographic Systems, Oct. 17–19, 1963 , Washington, D. C. EXTERNAL
2. McCabe W. L. Smith J. C. , Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering , McGraw-Hill Book Co. , New York , 1956 . EXTERNAL
3. Brown and Associates , Unit Operations , John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , New York , 1956 . EXTERNAL
4. Pai Shih-I , Viscous Flow Theory. I. Laminar Flow , D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. , Princeton, N.J. , 1956 . EXTERNAL
5. Ibid. (pp. 48 – 65 ). EXTERNAL
6. Ibid. (pp. 33 – 49 ). EXTERNAL
7. Ibid. (p. 65 ). EXTERNAL

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Walter C. Snyder; An Investigation of Agitation in a Continuous Immersion Film Process, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 75, Issue: 10, October 1966); SMPTE, 1966. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J07079

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Walter C. Snyder; An Investigation of Agitation in a Continuous Immersion Film Process, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 75, Issue: 10, October 1966); SMPTE, 1966. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J07079

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<span class="citation">Walter C. Snyder; <cite>An Investigation of Agitation in a Continuous Immersion Film Process</cite>, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 75, Issue: 10, October 1966); SMPTE, 1966. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J07079" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J07079</a></span>

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Walter C. Snyder; An Investigation of Agitation in a Continuous Immersion Film Process, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 75, Issue: 10, October 1966); SMPTE, 1966
doi: 10.5594/J07079
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/J07079

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<li>
Walter C. Snyder; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j07079">An Investigation of Agitation in a Continuous Immersion Film Process</cite>, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 75, Issue: 10, October 1966); SMPTE, 1966
<span class="doi">10.5594/J07079</span>
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Referenced By

Progress Committee Report for 1966 [Active]