How Closed Captioning in the U.S. Today Can Become the Advanced Television Captioning System of Tomorrow

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: SMPTE J
Volume: 101, No. 7, pp. 495–498
Abstract: The North American closed-captioning system has opened the world of television to millions of deaf and hard-of-hearing viewers. Soon, with the implementation of the Television Decoder Circuitry Act, closed captions will become commonplace in U.S. homes. The current system for delivering NTSC closed captions is economical and reliable, but many improvements are needed. The next standard for program-related data should be an open, flexible, and international architecture for the enrichment of video programming through captioning, subtitling, and other services, with character sets to accommodate as many alphabets and languages as possible and enough bandwidth to serve multiple needs simultaneously.
Publication Date: 1992-07-01
DOI: 10.5594/J02244
ISSN: Print: 0036-1682
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J02244
Author(s): Carl ArmonThe Caption Center/WGBH Educational Foundation, Boston, MA 02134.
Dan GlissonThe Caption Center/WGBH Educational Foundation, Boston, MA 02134.
Larry GoldbergThe Caption Center/WGBH Educational Foundation, Boston, MA 02134.
Copyright: © 1992 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

1. PBS Engineering Report No. E-7709-C ; revised May 1980 . EXTERNAL
10. Certain of the new features mandated by the FCC will have the effect of causing disruptions in decoders sold before 1985 - caption producers will need to include additional, backward-compatible code for some features and delay use of others until the population of these early decoders is considered insignificant. EXTERNAL
11. Two technical standards for teletext have emerged: World System Teletext (WST) and the North American Basic Teletext Specification (NABTS). Originally developed in the U.K. for use with PAL video, WST is the more commonly used standard worldwide and is used by some U.S. broadcasters. NABTS, a more sophisticated system, has been used by CBS and Canadian broadcasters. EXTERNAL
2. Pub. L. No. 101–431, 104 Stat. 960 ( 1990 ) (codified at 47 U.S.C.A. § 303(u), 330(b). EXTERNAL
3. Report and Order, In re Amendment of Part 15 of the Commission's Rules to Implement the provisions of the Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990, Gen. Dkt. No. 91-1, FCC Dkt. No. 91-119 (Adopted April 12, 1991 ). EXTERNAL
4. 47 U.S.C.A. § 330(b). EXTERNAL
5. TV Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990: Hearings Before the Subcomm. on Communications , 101st Cong., 2nd Sess. 13–14 ( 1990 ). EXTERNAL
6. Electronic Industries Assn. Marketing Services Dept. EXTERNAL
7. Various studies have been undertaken in recent years, for instance: Koskinen, Wilson and Jensema (Mar. 1986). “Using Closed Captioned Television in the Teaching of Reading to Deaf Students,” American Annals of the Deaf, 131 : 43–46; Goldman (Feb. 1988 ). “Reading with Closed-Captioned TV.” J. of Reading, 31 : 458–461; Neuman and Koskinen, “Using Captioned Television to Improve the Reading Proficiency of Language Minority Students,” Temple University, June 1990. A complete bibliography is available from the authors of this paper. EXTERNAL
8. Report and Order, supra note 3, p. 13, para. 36. EXTERNAL
9. National Captioning Institute, TeleCaption II Decoder Module Performance Specification (Nov. 1985 ). EXTERNAL

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Carl Armon, Dan Glisson, and Larry Goldberg; How Closed Captioning in the U.S. Today Can Become the Advanced Television Captioning System of Tomorrow, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 101, Issue: 7, July 1992); SMPTE, 1992. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J02244

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Carl Armon, Dan Glisson, and Larry Goldberg; How Closed Captioning in the U.S. Today Can Become the Advanced Television Captioning System of Tomorrow, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 101, Issue: 7, July 1992); SMPTE, 1992. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J02244

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<span class="citation">Carl Armon, Dan Glisson, and Larry Goldberg; <cite>How Closed Captioning in the U.S. Today Can Become the Advanced Television Captioning System of Tomorrow</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 101, Issue: 7, July 1992); SMPTE, 1992. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J02244" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J02244</a></span>

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<span class="doi">10.5594/J02244</span>
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