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Current document root: SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 101, Issue: 7, July 1992)

How Closed Captioning in the U.S. Today Can Become the Advanced Television Captioning System of Tomorrow

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1. PBS Engineering Report No. E-7709-C ; revised May 1980 .EXTERNAL
10. Certain of the new features mandated by the FCC will have the effect of causing disruptions in decoders sold before 1985 - caption producers will need to include additional, backward-compatible code for some features and delay use of others until the population of these early decoders is considered insignificant.EXTERNAL
11. Two technical standards for teletext have emerged: World System Teletext (WST) and the North American Basic Teletext Specification (NABTS). Originally developed in the U.K. for use with PAL video, WST is the more commonly used standard worldwide and is used by some U.S. broadcasters. NABTS, a more sophisticated system, has been used by CBS and Canadian broadcasters.EXTERNAL
2. Pub. L. No. 101–431, 104 Stat. 960 ( 1990 ) (codified at 47 U.S.C.A. § 303(u), 330(b).EXTERNAL
3. Report and Order, In re Amendment of Part 15 of the Commission's Rules to Implement the provisions of the Television Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990, Gen. Dkt. No. 91-1, FCC Dkt. No. 91-119 (Adopted April 12, 1991 ).EXTERNAL
4. 47 U.S.C.A. § 330(b).EXTERNAL
5. TV Decoder Circuitry Act of 1990: Hearings Before the Subcomm. on Communications , 101st Cong., 2nd Sess. 13–14 ( 1990 ).EXTERNAL
6. Electronic Industries Assn. Marketing Services Dept.EXTERNAL
7. Various studies have been undertaken in recent years, for instance: Koskinen, Wilson and Jensema (Mar. 1986). “Using Closed Captioned Television in the Teaching of Reading to Deaf Students,” American Annals of the Deaf, 131 : 43–46; Goldman (Feb. 1988 ). “Reading with Closed-Captioned TV.” J. of Reading, 31 : 458–461; Neuman and Koskinen, “Using Captioned Television to Improve the Reading Proficiency of Language Minority Students,” Temple University, June 1990. A complete bibliography is available from the authors of this paper.EXTERNAL
8. Report and Order, supra note 3, p. 13, para. 36.EXTERNAL
9. National Captioning Institute, TeleCaption II Decoder Module Performance Specification (Nov. 1985 ).EXTERNAL