Higher Frame Rates for Television

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: SMPTE Mot. Imag. J
Volume: 123, No. 4, pp. 50–55
Abstract: This paper describes the current understanding of the issues behind high-frame-rate television and recent work at the British Broadcasting Corporation, which has provided an insight into the advantages of moving to frame rates of 100 frames/sec or higher and of the problems of frame-rate down-conversions from 120 to 50 frames/sec. To enable this work, it was necessary to devise display and playout systems capable of supporting frame rates of up to 150 frames/sec and to capture a range of suitable test material. This work is also described. Conclusions are drawn about the significant advantages, even at high-definition resolutions, of moving to higher frame rates.
Publication Date: 2014-05-01
DOI: 10.5594/j18416
ISSN: Print: 1545-0279
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/j18416
Author(s): Richard Salmon
bio
Richard Salmon is a lead research engineer at BBC Research and Development in London, U.K., with particular expertise in television colorimetry and display technology. Having been involved with HDTV research since 1992, he has a deep technical understanding of the entire image chain from the lighting and camera, though compression systems, to the viewers' impression of the displayed image. He inspired and led work within the BBC on higher frame rates, culminating in very successful demonstrations at IBC in Amsterdam in 2008 and 2013. Salmon is chair of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) Displays group, and is also active on “Beyond HD” topics in the SMPTE, the EBU, the U.K. Digital TV Group and DVB. He is an Honorary Fellow of the BKSTS, and a member of SMPTE, the Society for Information Display, and the Institution of Engineering Technology (IET).
Tim Borer
bio
Tim Borer works as a lead engineer at BBC Research and Development, currently focusing on aspects of UHDTV such as high frame rates and high dynamic range. Previously, Borer led the video compression team at BBC R&D developing “Dirac” and the SMPTE VC-2 compression standard. He maintains an active interest in compression for archives and production. Prior to the BBC he designed professional broadcasting equipment, including motion-compensated standards converters and compression equipment, for both Snell and Harris. Borer holds degrees in video processing, electronics and physics. He is a Chartered Engineer (MIET), a senior member of the IEEE, and a member of the SMPTE. He is the inventor of 18 patents.
Manish Pindoria
bio
Manish Pindoria works as an engineer at BBC Research and Development, currently focusing on technology to enable television broadcasts beyond HD, such as higher frame rates and higher dynamic range. Previously, Pindoria worked on digitization and signal processing for archive applications. Prior to the BBC, he designed image processing algorithms and hardware (ASIC, FPGA) for products including broadcast reference monitors, 4K camera systems, and medical image processing units for Sony Broadcast and Professional Research Labs (BPRL). Pindoria holds a master's degree in engineering science from Oxford University. He is the co-inventor of six patents.
Marc Price
bio
Marc Price has worked in various fields of electronics engineering for 27 years, and has been working in research and development of media technologies with BBC Research and Development since 1996. Price obtained a BEng degree from Birmingham City University in 1992 and a Ph.D. from King's College London in 1996. With BBC R&D, Price has worked on archive retrieval, virtual production, and other applications of 3D graphics, and digital storytelling. He is presently seconded to the University of Bristol, where he is working with the Bristol Vision Institute to explore new production technologies for emerging TV and Film formats.
Alia Sheikh
bio
Alia Sheikh, a creative technologist at BBC Research and Development, produces groundbreaking experimental productions for the BBC and its partners. Trained as a film and television director, Sheikh works with production teams to create bespoke production experiments that investigate and evaluate novel technology for the BBC. Sheikh has recently worked with high frame rate and high dynamic range formats, producing and directing films that investigate the technical impact of these formats on production workflow as well as the pitfalls and possibilities they represent for creative storytelling. She has a master's degree in computing from Imperial College, London.
Copyright: © 2014 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

1. Armstrong M. G. Flynn D. J. Hammond M. E. Jolly S. J. E. Salmon R. A. “High Frame-Rate Television,” Proc. International Broadcasting Convention , Amsterdam , The Netherlands , 2008 . EXTERNAL
2. ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020 , “Parameter Values for Ultra-High Definition Television Systems for Production and International Programme Exchange,” International Telecommunication Union , Geneva , 2012 . EXTERNAL
3. Sugawara M. “Psychophysical Requirements for Higher Frame Rates in Future Television,” NAB Show's Technology Summit on Cinema (produced in partnership with SMPTE) , Las Vegas, NV , April 2011 . EXTERNAL
4. Stone M. A. “A Variable-Standards Camera and Its Use to Investigate the Parameters of an HDTV Studio Standard,” BBC Research Department Report 1986/14 , BBC : London, U.K. 1986 . EXTERNAL
5. Kuroki Y. “Development of the High Frame Rate 3D System,” Proc. 1st Brazil/Japan Symposium on Advances in Digital Television , São Paulo, Brazil , Dec. 2010 . EXTERNAL
6. Salmon R. A. Armstrong M. G. Jolly S. J. E. “Higher Frame Rates for More Immersive Video and Television,” BBC Research & Development White Paper WHP 209, BBC : London, U.K. , Oct. 2009 . EXTERNAL
7. Vision Research , “Phantom Flex,” http://www.visionresearch.com/Products/High-Speed-Cameras/Phantom-Flex/ EXTERNAL
8. FOR.A FT-One , “Full 4K Variable Frame Rate Camera,” http://www.for-a.com/products/ftone/professional_hs_camera_p.html EXTERNAL
9. Panasonic , “50-Inch 1080p Full HD Plasma Monitor TH-50BT300ER,” http://panasonic.net/prodisplays/download/pdf/specsheet/TH-50BT300ER.pdf , 2011 . EXTERNAL
10. ASUS , “VG278HE: Ultra-Smooth Visual Enjoyment with 144-Hz Rapid Refresh Rate,” https://www.asus.com/Monitors_Projectors/VG278HE/ , 2013 . EXTERNAL
11. Nvidia , http://www.nvidia.com/ , 2013 . EXTERNAL
12. Lee Yen-Lin Nguyen Truong “High Frame Rate Motion Compensated Frame Interpolation in High-Definition Video Processing,” Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) , pp . 858 – 861 , 2010 , ISBN 978-1-4244-4295-9 . EXTERNAL
13. Clarke C. K. P. Tanton N. E. “Digital Standards Conversion: Interpolation Theory and Aperture Synthesis,” BBC Research Department Report RD 1984/20, BBC : London, U.K. , 1984 . EXTERNAL

Source Data (JSON)

Full registry record with provenance metadata. Open directly: /api/doc/10.5594-j18416.json

Reference Tree

Explore all references and references to this document, as a navigable tree.

Open Reference Tree

Reference this Doc

Plain text (ISO 690 compliant)

Preview:

Richard Salmon, Tim Borer, Manish Pindoria, Marc Price, and Alia Sheikh; Higher Frame Rates for Television, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 123, Issue: 4, May 2014); SMPTE, 2014. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/j18416

Snippet:

Richard Salmon, Tim Borer, Manish Pindoria, Marc Price, and Alia Sheikh; Higher Frame Rates for Television, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 123, Issue: 4, May 2014); SMPTE, 2014. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/j18416

HTML (ISO 690 compliant)

Preview:

Snippet:

<span class="citation">Richard Salmon, Tim Borer, Manish Pindoria, Marc Price, and Alia Sheikh; <cite>Higher Frame Rates for Television</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 123, Issue: 4, May 2014); SMPTE, 2014. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/j18416" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/j18416</a></span>

SMPTE's HTML Pub

Preview:

Snippet:

<li>
Richard Salmon, Tim Borer, Manish Pindoria, Marc Price, and Alia Sheikh; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j18416">Higher Frame Rates for Television</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 123, Issue: 4, May 2014); SMPTE, 2014
<span class="doi">10.5594/j18416</span>
</li>