The Perceived Intra-Frame Dynamic Range in a Cinema Environment

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Conference Paper
Content Type: Original Research
Volume: 2016, No. 10, pp. 1–18
Abstract: When considering a higher contrast and luminance range in cinema, it's important to understand the limits of the Human Visual System (HVS) under cinema specific conditions. A user experiment with 36 participants was conducted in a cinema theatre. We assessed how the perceivable dynamic range evolved with different background gray levels and with the presence of local highlights in the image; how the size, position and intensity of these highlights affected the results. We found that the perceptual visibility of details in black depends greatly upon the image composition and the average luminance of a given image or image sequence. We found that in a fully dark frame the average person can detect black details down to 0.005 cd/m². However if a 0.25 cd/m² gray background in the central field of view is presented this rises to 0.009cd/m² and with a 2.5 cd/m² gray background the black level threshold further increases to 0.015cd/m². In addition to the limitations of the HVS one needs to consider the limitations of a theatrical projection setup where bright elements in the image via reflections on the walls, ceiling, floor, seats and audience contaminate the black elements of the image. Even with special precautions in our test design to reduce those effects with a factor 20, with the presence of very bright highlights they were still found to be significant.
Publication Date: 2016-10-25
DOI: 10.5594/M001727
ISBN: Print: 978-1-61482-957-7
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/M001727
Author(s): Dirk MaesBarco nv, Beneluxpark 21, B-8500 kortrijk
Tine VyveyGhent University, Korte Meer 7-11, B-9000 Gent
Jan Van LooyGhent University, Korte Meer 7-11, B-9000 Gent
Bruno VandeveldeBarco nv, Beneluxpark 21, B-8500 kortrijk
Goran StojmenovikBarco nv, Beneluxpark 21, B-8500 kortrijk
Keyword(s): HDR, Visual Perception
Copyright: © 2016 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

Design Considerations for Cinema Exhibition Using RGB Laser Illumination [Active]
Modelling of Achievable Contrast and its Impact on HDR Projection in Commercial Cinema Environments [Active]
P. Ledda, L. P Santos, and A. Chalmers, “A local model of eye adaptation for high dynamic range images,” Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. on Computer graphics, virtual reality, visualisation and interaction in Africa, New York, NY, USA, pp. 151-160, Nov. 2004. EXTERNAL
S. Farrell, T. Kunkel and S. Daly, “A Cinema Luminance Range by the People, for the People”, SMPTE Motion Imaging J, pp. 56-61, July/August 2015. EXTERNAL
A. Watson, J. Yellott, “A unified formula for light-adapted pupil size”, J of Vision, 12(10):12,, pp 1-16, 2012 EXTERNAL
P. Ludé. “High dynamic range cinema, How black is black”. NAB technology summit on cinema , April 2015 EXTERNAL
D. Wang, T. Wang, and Y. Gong, “Stereoscopic visual fatigue assessment and modeling,” IS&T/SPIE Electronic Imaging, pp. 901122-901122, Mar. 2014. EXTERNAL
T. Kunkel and E. Reinhard, “A reassessment of the simultaneous dynamic range of the human visual system,” Proc. 7th Symp. on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization, New York, NY, USA, pp. 17-24, Jul. 2010. EXTERNAL
M. J. Murdoch, I. E. Heynderickx, “Veiling glare and perceived black in high dynamic range displays,” JOSA A., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 559-66, Apr. 2012. EXTERNAL
H. Seetzen, “High Dynamic Range Display and Projection Systems” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Philosophy, University of Britisch Columbia, 2009. EXTERNAL
M. Schuck and P Ludé,”An Analysis of System Contrast in Digital Cinema Auditoriums” Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, SMPTE 2015, Hollywood, CA, 2015, Oct. EXTERNAL
F.L. Van Nes, M.A. Bouman, “Spatial modulation transfer in the human eye”, J Opt Soc Am, vol. 57, pp. 401-406A, 1967 EXTERNAL
M. Choi, D. Sharma, F. Zafar, W. C. Cheng, L. Albani, and A. Badano. “Does veiling glare in the human eye hinder detection in high-dynamic-range displays?” J. Display Technol., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 273-282, May 2012. EXTERNAL

Source Data (JSON)

Full registry record with provenance metadata. Open directly: /api/doc/10.5594-M001727.json

Reference Tree

Explore all references and references to this document, as a navigable tree.

Open Reference Tree

Reference this Doc

Plain text (ISO 690 compliant)

Preview:

Dirk Maes, Tine Vyvey, Jan Van Looy, Bruno Vandevelde, and Goran Stojmenovik; The Perceived Intra-Frame Dynamic Range in a Cinema Environment, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2016); SMPTE, 2016, ISBN: 978-1-61482-957-7. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/M001727

Snippet:

Dirk Maes, Tine Vyvey, Jan Van Looy, Bruno Vandevelde, and Goran Stojmenovik; The Perceived Intra-Frame Dynamic Range in a Cinema Environment, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2016); SMPTE, 2016, ISBN: 978-1-61482-957-7. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/M001727

HTML (ISO 690 compliant)

Preview:

Snippet:

<span class="citation">Dirk Maes, Tine Vyvey, Jan Van Looy, Bruno Vandevelde, and Goran Stojmenovik; <cite>The Perceived Intra-Frame Dynamic Range in a Cinema Environment</cite>, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2016); SMPTE, 2016, ISBN: 978-1-61482-957-7. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/M001727" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/M001727</a></span>

SMPTE's HTML Pub

Preview:

Snippet:

<li>
Dirk Maes, Tine Vyvey, Jan Van Looy, Bruno Vandevelde, and Goran Stojmenovik; <cite id="bib-10-5594-m001727">The Perceived Intra-Frame Dynamic Range in a Cinema Environment</cite>, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2016); SMPTE, 2016, ISBN: 978-1-61482-957-7
<span class="doi">10.5594/M001727</span>
</li>

Referenced By

Predicting HDR Cinema Requirements from HDR Home Master Statistics [Active]