Active Pulfrich Spectacles

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY
Doc Type: Conference Paper
Content Type: Original Research
Volume: 2011, No. 1, pp. 1–9
Abstract: While many Pulfrich 3-D movies have been produced, the movie and TV industries have correctly concluded that 3-D viewing with passive Pulfrich spectacles imposes such severe limitations that it is not a suitable 3-D technique. Active Pulfrich Spectacles (APS) is a new implementation of Pulfrich 3-D that addresses these limitations. APS allows every scene with motion in any 2-D movie to be viewed in 3-D. APS works on a different principle than other methods for 3-D. 3-D movies typically use the asymmetry of dual images to produce stereopsis. In contrast, APS is a single image system. All APS requires to view any 2-D movies in depth is an illumination asymmetry — a controlled difference in optical density between the lenses. APS uses microprocessor controlled optoelectronic lenses. APS only needs the motion vectors already calculated during digital image-processing of the video to calculate the correct adjustment to the lens optical density so that the viewing spectacles always produce realistic 3-D. APS is an intermittent 3-D enhancement to 2-D viewing. Only those scenes that can be converted are shown to the viewer in 3-D. All other scenes appear in 2-D. A viewer can put on APS for intermittent 3-D viewing, or remove them and continue viewing in 2-D. APS has substantial benefits to the motion picture and television industries. APS displays 2-D movies in 3-D without change to the video architecture and infrastructure. This is achieved without additional production or exhibition cost and no requirement for 3-D cameras, 3-D digital formats, or 3-D projectors.
Publication Date: 2011-10-01
DOI: 10.5594/M001094
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/M001094
Author(s): Kenneth JacobsBinghamton University, Binghamton, NY.
Ronald KarpfADDIS Incorporated, Corvallis, Oregon.
Copyright: © 2011 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

[1] Lipton L. , Foundations of the Stereoscopic Cinema , Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc. , 1982 . EXTERNAL
[2] Lit A. , “The Magnitude Of The Pulfrich Stereophenomenon as A Function Of Binocular Differences Of Intensity At Various Levels Of Illuminations” , American Journal of Psychology , 62 , 159 – 181 , 1949 . EXTERNAL
[3] Lit A. , “Magnitude of the Pulfrich Stereophenomenon as a Function of Target Thickness” , Journal of the Optical Society of America , Vol 50 , No 4 , pp 321 – 327 , April 1960 . EXTERNAL
[4] Lit A. Hyman A. , “The Magnitude Of The Pulfrich stereophenomenon as a function of distance of observation” , American J of Optom., 1–17, Monograph No 122, November 1951 . EXTERNAL
[5] Lit A. , “The Magnitude Of The Pulfrich Stereophenomenon as a Function of Target Velocity” , Journal of Experimental Psychology , Vol 59 , No 3 , 165 – 175 . 1960 . EXTERNAL
[6] Ibid 1, Pg 110. EXTERNAL
[7] Monk P. Mortimer R. Rosseinsky D. , Electrochromism and Electrochromic Devices , Cambridge University Press , 2007 . EXTERNAL
[8] Richardson Iian ., Video Codec Design , John Wiley and Sons , 2002 . EXTERNAL

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<span class="citation">Kenneth Jacobs and Ronald Karpf; <cite>Active Pulfrich Spectacles</cite>, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2011); SMPTE, 2011. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/M001094" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/M001094</a></span>

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Kenneth Jacobs and Ronald Karpf; Active Pulfrich Spectacles, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2011); SMPTE, 2011
doi: 10.5594/M001094
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/M001094

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Kenneth Jacobs and Ronald Karpf; <cite id="bib-10-5594-m001094">Active Pulfrich Spectacles</cite>, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2011); SMPTE, 2011
<span class="doi">10.5594/M001094</span>
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