Development Status of CMOS 1920×1080 Imaging System-on-Chip for 60p HDTV

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY
Doc Type: Conference Paper
Content Type: Original Research
Volume: 2004, No. 1, pp. 1–13
Abstract: High-performance charge-coupled device imagers (CCD) having 2 million pixels in 1920×1080 format have been commercially available for over ten years1. Nevertheless, today's HDTV cameras still do not simultaneously provide sufficient resolution and electronic film speed at the minimum progressive frame rates (≥60p) needed for creative motion imaging production. Overcranking, for example, is only available at ∼1 million pixel (1280 by 720) resolution. The maximum frame rate of today's 1920×1080 progressive cameras is 30 Hz. To truly offer a compelling alternative to motion imaging film, electronic HD cameras must provide higher progressive frame rate along with additional bit depth to maximize production quality and creativity. Leveraging a key architectural advantage and ongoing improvements in CMOS technology driven by a robust semiconductor industry that produces multi-GHz microprocessors at consumer prices, CMOS-based image sensors are now more capable than CCDs of meeting this challenge. We discuss the technical background for the shift in technology from CCD imaging to CMOS imaging system-on-chip. Specifically, we compare the sensor architectures and explain why CCD noise consistently increases with video frequency at about 3 dB/octave. Managing noise consequently forces more video outputs per CCD. High-end CCD-based camera manufacturers are consequently building larger, more expensive and more power hungry cameras. We conclude by briefly reporting the development status for a CMOS 1920×1080 image sensor for next-generation, affordable and compact HD cameras to support progressive frame rates at 60 Hz and beyond.
Publication Date: 2004-02-01
DOI: 10.5594/M001010
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/M001010
Author(s): Lester Kozlowski
M. Loose
G. Rossi
Y. Huang
P. Kulkarni
G. Chow
Copyright: © 2004 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

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Lester Kozlowski, M. Loose, G. Rossi, Y. Huang, P. Kulkarni, and G. Chow; Development Status of CMOS 1920×1080 Imaging System-on-Chip for 60p HDTV, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( February 2004); SMPTE, 2004. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/M001010

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Lester Kozlowski, M. Loose, G. Rossi, Y. Huang, P. Kulkarni, and G. Chow; Development Status of CMOS 1920×1080 Imaging System-on-Chip for 60p HDTV, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( February 2004); SMPTE, 2004. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/M001010

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<span class="citation">Lester Kozlowski, M. Loose, G. Rossi, Y. Huang, P. Kulkarni, and G. Chow; <cite>Development Status of CMOS 1920×1080 Imaging System-on-Chip for 60p HDTV</cite>, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( February 2004); SMPTE, 2004. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/M001010" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/M001010</a></span>

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Lester Kozlowski, M. Loose, G. Rossi, Y. Huang, P. Kulkarni, and G. Chow; <cite id="bib-10-5594-m001010">Development Status of CMOS 1920×1080 Imaging System-on-Chip for 60p HDTV</cite>, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( February 2004); SMPTE, 2004
<span class="doi">10.5594/M001010</span>
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