Using Categorical Observers to Minimize Metameric Failures on Wide Color Gamut Displays

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: SMPTE Motion Imaging Jour.
Volume: 133, No. 5, pp. 24–32
Abstract: It is common industry practice to calibrate displays using measurement data based on the CIE-1931 2° Standard Observer color-matching function (CMF) to represent the human visual system response. Anecdotal observations, with some experimental evidence, have shown that adjusting two displays with different spectral power distributions to the same CIE-1931 tristimulus values produces a calibration that is not a visual match for some if not all, human observers. Research shows that this is due to deviations in CMFs between observers that also differ from the CIE-1931 2° Standard Observer and that populations of observers can be clustered into categories, each of which has largely similar CMFs. It has been hypothesized that selecting an appropriate alternate set of CMFs may reduce these metameric failures and increase productivity throughout a motion-picture workflow. This paper presents results from a psychophysical study to determine if a “best-match” CMF exists for a real human observer from Asano and Fairchild's ten categorical observers that reduces metameric failures between two displays with significantly different spectral power distributions. The results are further analyzed to support a discussion about the practical implementation of categorical observer transforms in a motion-picture workflow.
Publication Date: 2024-09-01
DOI: 10.5594/JMI.2024/WYOR1428
ISSN: Print: 1545-0279 | Electronic: 2160-2492
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2024/WYOR1428
Author(s): Catherine Meininger
Liam Lynch
Allison Hazebrouck
Andy Masia
Tom Lianza
Keyword(s): Metamerism, Observer Metamerism, Color-Matching Functions, Categorical Observers
Copyright: © 2024 SMPTE

Bibliographic Reference(s)

ISO/CIE 11664-6 [Active]
Y. Asano, M. F. Fairchild, “Observer Variability in Color Image Matching on a LCD Monitor and a Laser Projector,” in Internat. Conf. on Communications in Computing. Nov. 2014. EXTERNAL
H. Xie, S. P. Farnand, M. J. Murdoch, “Observer metamerism in commercial displays,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 37 (4): pp. A61–A69, 2020. EXTERNAL
D. L. Long, M.D. Fairchild, “Modeling Observer Variability and Metamerism Failure in Electronic Color Displays,” J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 58 (3):pp. 14–27, 2014. EXTERNAL
Y. Asano, M.D. Fairchild, L. Blonde, “Individual Colorimetric Observer Model”, PLoS ONE, 11(2): Feb. 2016. EXTERNAL
J. J. Vos, “Colorimetric and photometric properties of a 2-deg fundamental observer,” Color Res and Appl, 3(3): 125–128, 1978. EXTERNAL
CIE. “Fundamental Chromaticity Diagram with Physiological Axes–Part 1,” CIE Publication No. 170: 2006. EXTERNAL
Anon. “Colour Matching Between OLED and CRT - Sony Pro,” Sony Corporation, Feb. 2013. EXTERNAL
A. Sarkar, L. Blonde, P. L. Callet, F. Autrusseau, P. Morvan, J. Stauder, “Toward Reducing Observer Metamerism in Industrial Applications: Colorimetric Observer Categories and Observer Classification,” 18th Color Imaging Conference. 8–12 Nov. 2010. EXTERNAL
Y. Asano, M. D. Fairchild, “Categorical observers for metamerism,” Color Res Appl. 45(4) pp. 576–585, Aug. 2020. EXTERNAL
Y. Asano, “Individual Colorimetric Observers for Personalized Color Imaging,” Thesis, Rochester Institute of Technology, 2015. EXTERNAL
T. D. Canham, D. L. Long, M. D. Fairchild, M. Bertalimio, “Physiologically Personalized Color Management for Motion Picture Workflows,” SMPTE Mot. Imag. J., 131 (2): pp. 8–16, Mar. 2022. EXTERNAL
International Telecommunications Union–Radiocommunication (ITU-R), Recommendation BT.2124, “Objective metric for the assessment of the potential visibility of colour difference in television,” Jan. 2019. EXTERNAL
R-REC-BT.500-15 — International Telecommunications Union-Radiocommunication (ITU-R), Recommendation BT.500-15, “Methodologies for the subject assessment of the quality of television images,” May 2023. EXTERNAL

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Catherine Meininger, Liam Lynch, Allison Hazebrouck, Andy Masia, and Tom Lianza; Using Categorical Observers to Minimize Metameric Failures on Wide Color Gamut Displays, MIJ 2024, Volume 133, Number 5 (pp. 24 to 32); SMPTE, 2024. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2024/WYOR1428

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Catherine Meininger, Liam Lynch, Allison Hazebrouck, Andy Masia, and Tom Lianza; Using Categorical Observers to Minimize Metameric Failures on Wide Color Gamut Displays, MIJ 2024, Volume 133, Number 5 (pp. 24 to 32); SMPTE, 2024. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2024/WYOR1428

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<span class="citation">Catherine Meininger, Liam Lynch, Allison Hazebrouck, Andy Masia, and Tom Lianza; <cite>Using Categorical Observers to Minimize Metameric Failures on Wide Color Gamut Displays</cite>, MIJ 2024, Volume 133, Number 5 (pp. 24 to 32); SMPTE, 2024. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2024/WYOR1428" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2024/WYOR1428</a></span>

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Catherine Meininger, Liam Lynch, Allison Hazebrouck, Andy Masia, and Tom Lianza; Using Categorical Observers to Minimize Metameric Failures on Wide Color Gamut Displays, MIJ 2024, Volume 133, Number 5 (pp. 24 to 32); SMPTE, 2024
doi: 10.5594/JMI.2024/WYOR1428
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2024/WYOR1428

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Catherine Meininger, Liam Lynch, Allison Hazebrouck, Andy Masia, and Tom Lianza; <cite id="bib-10-5594-jmi-2024-wyor1428">Using Categorical Observers to Minimize Metameric Failures on Wide Color Gamut Displays</cite>, MIJ 2024, Volume 133, Number 5 (pp. 24 to 32); SMPTE, 2024
<span class="doi">10.5594/JMI.2024/WYOR1428</span>
</li>