SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 1, 2020)
[ACTIVE]
The Effect of Synthetic Shutter on Judder Perception—an HFR & HDR Data Set and User Study
Metadata
- Publisher
- SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
- Doc Type
- Journal Article
- Content Type
- Original Research
- Abbreviated Title
- SMPTE Mot. Imag. J
- Volume
- 129, No. 1, pp. 42–50
- Abstract
- While high dynamic range (HDR) enhances the viewing experience by rendering a more life-like image, it amplifies motion artifacts due to the higher temporal contrast sensitivity of the human visual system at higher luminance levels and higher contrast ratios typical for HDR images. These motion artifacts are known as strobing or judder. They can be overcome by increasing temporal resolution, also known as higher frame rate (HFR). This article introduces an HFR and HDR data set for research on judder perception and presents a user study on motion portrayal. The data set is designed to visualize motion in HDR and includes versions of different frame rates. The user study compares the motion portrayal of four different synthetic shutters and two frame rates.
- Publication Date
- 2020-01-01
- DOI
10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267- ISSN
- Print:
1545-0279| Electronic:2160-2492 - Link
- https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267
- Author(s)
- Ianik Beitzel
bio
Ianik Beitzel is a colorist and image technician at Studio Hamburg Postproduction GmbH, Hamburg, Germany. Prior to working at Studio Hamburg, Beitzel studied audiovisual media at Stuttgart Media University (HdM), Stuttgart, Germany where he graduated with a master’s degree. He wrote his thesis in collaboration with Arnold & Richter Cinetechnik GmbH & Co. Betriebs KG (ARRI), Munich, Germany, where he did his research on synthetic shutter and its effect on judder reduction in motion pictures.Aaron Kuderbio
Aaron Kuder is a conforming engineer at ARRI Media, Munich, Germany. After graduating from Stuttgart Media University (HdM) with a bachelor thesis on creating and comparing cinematic test footage in standard frame rate and high frame rate, he is actively participating in research on higher frame rate cinema. Most recently, he presented his work at the HPA Tech Retreat, Palm Desert, CA, and the European Federation of Cinematographers (IMAGO) Conference, Brussels, Belgium.Jan Fröhlichbio
Jan Fröhlich is a professor of motion picture engineering at Stuttgart Media University (HdM). His research interests include high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut (WCG) image encoding, color rendering, and camera metrology. Before becoming a professor, he worked as senior image scientist at Arnold & Richter Cinetechnik GmbH & Co. Betriebs KG (ARRI), Munich, Germany, and for Dolby Laboratories, Sunnyvale, CA, contributing to the development of the ITU Rec. 2100 ICtCp color space and the Dolby Vision HDR and WCG content distribution platform. Before starting his PhD, he was a technical director at CinePostproduction GmbH, Berlin, Cologne, Hamburg, and Munich, Germany. Fröhlich is a member of SMPTE, the Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS&T), Fernseh-und Kinotechnische Gesellschaft (FKTG), and the German Society of Cinematographers (BVK). - Keyword(s)
- HDR, HFR, Judder
- Copyright
- © 2019 SMPTE
Bibliographic Reference(s)
- Rethinking Frame Rate and Temporal Fidelity in a Cinema Workflow [Active]
- S. Daly et al., “A Psychophysical Study Exploring Judder Using Fundamental Signals and Complex Imagery,” 2014. [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/10.5594/j18616The ratings are extremely one-sided, with most of the votes being “imperceptible” or “perceptible, but not annoying.” Figures 9–11 show the mean opinion score (MOS) of all 24 fps sequences in HDR and SDR. The results are distributed between “very annoying” and “annoying.” In terms of motion judder, SDR is preferred by the participants. The MOS between SDR and HDR differs about 0.5 points. Furthermore, Figs. 9 and 10 support the fact that the spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity of the human visual system is reduced by lower luminance levels. Reducing the spatiotemporal contrast sensitivity subsequently reduces the perception of judder. Figure 11 shows the comparison of the MOS of 24 fps shutters and the 48 fps shutter. With 48 fps, the participants perceive almost no judder artifacts regardless of the shutter type, while the judder artifacts are perceived regardless of the shutter type in 24 fps. Hence, doubling the frame rate reduces judder artifacts significantly, and in most cases, judder artifacts disappear completely. EXTERNAL
- R. Collin, “The Hobbit—An Unexpected Journey, Film Review,” Sept. 2012. Accessed October 10, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/9730525/The-Hobbit-An-Unexpected-Journey-movie-review.html EXTERNAL
- J. Froehlich et al., “Creating Cinematic Wide Gamut HDR-Video for the Evaluation of Tone Mapping Operators and HDR-Displays,” Proc. SPIE, 9023:9023 – 9023, 2014. EXTERNAL
- Dolby Laboratories, “Dolby Drives Global Momentum at CinemaCon 2019,” Mar. 2019. Accessed October 10, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://news.dolby.com/en-WW/172164-dolby-drives-global-momentum-at-cinemacon-2019 EXTERNAL
- A. Kuder, “High Frame Rate (HFR)—Datensatz unter dem Aspekt der Bewe-gungswahrnehmung,” Bachelor thesis, Stuttgart Media University (HdM), Apr. 2017. [Online]. Available: https://hdms.bsz-bw.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/6537 EXTERNAL
- I. Beitzel et al., “The HdM-HFR-2017 Data Set,” Visual Media Lab, Stuttgart Media University (HdM), 2019. Accessed October 27, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.hdm-stuttgart.de/vmlab/hdm-hfr-2017/ EXTERNAL
- Sony Corporation, “Sony at CinemaCon 2018: Re-inventing the Movie-Going Experience,” 2018. [Online]. Available: https://pro.sony/en_ AL/press/cinemacon-2018-re-inventing-moviegoing-experience EXTERNAL
- C. Chinnock, “Samsung Launches First U.S. LED Cinema Screen along with Post Production Facility,” 2018. Accessed October 10, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.displaydaily.com/article/display-daily/samsung-launches-first-u-s-led-cinema-screen-along-with-post-production-facility EXTERNAL
- R. Larsen, “Annual 4k TV Sales to Surpass 100 Million This Year,” Dec. 2018. Accessed October 10, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.f latpanelshd.com/news.php?subaction=showfull &id=1544074043 EXTERNAL
- EIZO Europe GmbH, “EIZO ColorEdge PROMINENCE CG3145 Datasheet,” Jul. 2018. Accessed October 10, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.eizoglobal.com/support/db/files/catalogs/ce/ColorEdge_PROMINENCE_CG3145.pdf EXTERNAL
- Dolby Laboratories, “Dolby Vision White Paper,” 2016. Accessed October 10, 2019. [Online]. Available: https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/dolby-vision-whitepaper.pdf EXTERNAL
- R-REC-BT.500-13 — Recommendation ITU-R BT.500-13, “Methodology for the Subjective Assessment of the Quality of Television Pictures,” International Telecommunication Union, Radiocommunication Sector, Geneva, 2012. EXTERNAL
- T-REC-P.800.1 — International Telecommunications Union - Radiocommunication (ITU-R), Recommendation ITU-T P.800.1, “Mean Opinion Score (MOS) Terminology,” Jul. 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-P.800/ EXTERNAL
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Ianik Beitzel, Aaron Kuder, and Jan Fröhlich; The Effect of Synthetic Shutter on Judder Perception—an HFR & HDR Data Set and User Study, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 1, 2020); SMPTE, 2020. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267
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Ianik Beitzel, Aaron Kuder, and Jan Fröhlich; The Effect of Synthetic Shutter on Judder Perception—an HFR & HDR Data Set and User Study, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 1, 2020); SMPTE, 2020. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267
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Ianik Beitzel, Aaron Kuder, and Jan Fröhlich; The Effect of Synthetic Shutter on Judder Perception—an HFR & HDR Data Set and User Study, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 1, 2020); SMPTE, 2020. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267
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<span class="citation">Ianik Beitzel, Aaron Kuder, and Jan Fröhlich; <cite>The Effect of Synthetic Shutter on Judder Perception—an HFR & HDR Data Set and User Study</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 1, 2020); SMPTE, 2020. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267</a></span>
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Ianik Beitzel, Aaron Kuder, and Jan Fröhlich; The Effect of Synthetic Shutter on Judder Perception—an HFR & HDR Data Set and User Study, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 1, 2020); SMPTE, 2020
doi: 10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267
doi: 10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267
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<li> Ianik Beitzel, Aaron Kuder, and Jan Fröhlich; <cite id="bib-10-5594-jmi-2019-2951267">The Effect of Synthetic Shutter on Judder Perception—an HFR & HDR Data Set and User Study</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 1, 2020); SMPTE, 2020 <span class="doi">10.5594/JMI.2019.2951267</span> </li>