Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 21, Issue: 5, November 1933)

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Directional Effects in Sound Film Processing—II

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPE
Volume: 21, No. 5, pp. 351–373
Abstract: This paper represents a continuation of work previously reported (J. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng., XVIII, No. 2, February, 1932, p. 207) concerning distortion of the photographic image resulting from directional currents of developer generated by movement of the film in film processing machines. Simpler methods of breaking up the directional currents than those previously described have been examined. Characteristic curves from “directional pairs” of sensitometric strips, and “densograms” of uniform exposures have been used for purposes of comparison. Application of developer in the form of fine jets impinging upon the emulsion surface at frequent intervals has been found largely to eliminate directional effects. Violent agitation of the body of developer in the developing bath by injection of air gave good results, but was inferior to the jet system. Propelling the film on edge in a tray type machine offered no advantage over the horizontal film position. It is shown that under conditions found to be good from the standpoint of directional effects, distortions due to “Eberhardt effect” are present.
Publication Date: 1933-11-01
DOI: 10.5594/J16614
ISSN: Print: 0097-5834
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J16614
Author(s): J. CrabtreeBell Telephone Laboratories, New York, N.Y.
J. H. WaddellBell Telephone Laboratories, New York, N.Y.
Copyright: © 1933 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

1. Crabtree J. : “Directional Effects in Continuous Film Processing,” J. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. , XVIII (Feb., 1932 ), No. 2 . p. 207 . EXTERNAL

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J. Crabtree and J. H. Waddell; Directional Effects in Sound Film Processing—II, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 21, Issue: 5, November 1933); SMPTE, 1933. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J16614

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J. Crabtree and J. H. Waddell; Directional Effects in Sound Film Processing—II, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 21, Issue: 5, November 1933); SMPTE, 1933. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J16614

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<span class="citation">J. Crabtree and J. H. Waddell; <cite>Directional Effects in Sound Film Processing—II</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 21, Issue: 5, November 1933); SMPTE, 1933. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J16614" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J16614</a></span>

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<li>
J. Crabtree and J. H. Waddell; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j16614">Directional Effects in Sound Film Processing—II</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 21, Issue: 5, November 1933); SMPTE, 1933
<span class="doi">10.5594/J16614</span>
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Referenced By

History of Sound Motion Pictures [Active]