Analysis of the Camerawork of Broadcasting Cameramen

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: SMPTE J
Volume: 106, No. 2, pp. 108–116
Abstract: NHK has been developing an intelligent robot camera that can automatically shoot an object and produce images with a sense of reality, as if a very skilled cameraman were at work. Basic experiments in studios and relaxed sports telecasts were conducted, in the shooting of cooking and educational programs and also during the broadcasting of soccer and ski jumping. From these experiments the following was learned: before shooting, the cameraman's eyes move from −2° to 5° horizontally and −2° to 5° vertically; the panning velocity curve in a studio program has an asymmetrical shape; and the maximum panning acceleration that occurs during live sports broadcasting is about 200°/sec2 while on the air, but 300°/sec2 or more while not broadcasting.
Publication Date: 1997-02-01
DOI: 10.5594/J15810
ISSN: Print: 0036-1682
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J15810
Author(s): D. KatoNHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories. Tokyo 157
bio
Daiichiro Kato is with the Recording and Mechanical Engineering Research Division of NHK's Science and Technical Research Laboratories in Tokyo, where he is involved in the study of recording mechanisms of videotape recorders and videodisk recorders for broadcasting, as well as mechanical control systems of remote-controlled cameras and automatic tracking antennas. He holds a degree in mechanical engineering from Chiba University.
M. YamadaNHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories. Tokyo 157
bio
Mitsuho Yamada returned to NHK Laboratories in 1993 after being on lon to ATR Audio and Visual Perception Research Laboratories for four years. His main field of study has been to clarify the control mechanism of the eye and the information-processing capability of the visual system. He graduated with a degree in electronics from the Faculty of Technology, Nagoya University, and also obtained a doctorate in engineering from the university.
K. AbeNHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories. Tokyo 157
bio
Kazuo Abe has been with NHK Laboratories since 1976, where he is involved in research on the mechanism of broadcasting videotape recorders, as well as the mechanical control systems of automatic tracking antennas and remote-controlled cameras. He holds a degree in precision mechanical engineering from the Faculty of Technology, Chuo University.
A. IshikawaNHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories. Tokyo 157
bio
Kunihiko Ishiyama is with the Human Vision Research Division of NHK Laboratories, where he is involved in research on visual psychology and the basal study of 3-D television. Ishiyama holds a master's degree in electrical engineering from the Science University of Tokyo.
K. IshiyamaNHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories. Tokyo 157
bio
Akio Ishikawa is with the Recording and Mechanical Engineering Research Division of NHK Laboratories. His current studies involve the mechanisms of broadcasting machines, such as the development of laser telecine polarizers, 33-type PDPs, and the transport of broadcasting VTRs. Ishikawa joined NHK after graduating from Kuramae Technical High School.
M. ObataTokyo Institute of Polytechnics, Kanagawa 243–02, Japan
bio
Masayoshi Obata is a graduate student at the Tokyo Institute of Polytechnics. He has interned at NHK Laboratories since 1994, where he is studying analysis of the shooting methods of television cameramen.
Copyright: © 1997 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

An Intelligent Robotic Camera System [Active]
1. Yamanaka N. “Development of an Intelligent Robot Camera,” NHK national technology report draft, pp. 55 – 56 , 1993 . EXTERNAL
2. Mitsuzuka K. Yamamura Y. Yamanaka N. “Development of an Intelligent Robot Camera,” ITEJ Technical Report , 51 : 33 – 37 , Sept. 1994 . EXTERNAL
4. Ishii N. “Automatic Tracking Camera System for Moving Objects,” Electronics Life , 732 : 166 – 169 , Aug. 1993 . EXTERNAL
5. Yamada M. Fukuda T. Hirota M. , “Development of an Eye-Movement Analyzer Possessing Functions for Wireless Transmission and Auto-Calibration.” Med. & Biol. & Comput. , 28 : 317 – 324 , July. 1994 . EXTERNAL
6. “Gyro and Its Applications,” Tamagawa Seiki Co. , Ltd. technology report, pp. 18 – 19 . 1992 . EXTERNAL
7. Kato D. Yamada M. Abe K. “Analysis of the Work and Eye Movement of Broadcasting-Studio Cameramen,” J. ITE Japan. , 49 : 1023 – 1031 . Aug. 1995 . EXTERNAL

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D. Kato, M. Yamada, K. Abe, A. Ishikawa, K. Ishiyama, and M. Obata; Analysis of the Camerawork of Broadcasting Cameramen, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 106, Issue: 2, February 1997); SMPTE, 1997. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J15810

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D. Kato, M. Yamada, K. Abe, A. Ishikawa, K. Ishiyama, and M. Obata; Analysis of the Camerawork of Broadcasting Cameramen, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 106, Issue: 2, February 1997); SMPTE, 1997. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J15810

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<span class="citation">D. Kato, M. Yamada, K. Abe, A. Ishikawa, K. Ishiyama, and M. Obata; <cite>Analysis of the Camerawork of Broadcasting Cameramen</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 106, Issue: 2, February 1997); SMPTE, 1997. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J15810" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J15810</a></span>

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D. Kato, M. Yamada, K. Abe, A. Ishikawa, K. Ishiyama, and M. Obata; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j15810">Analysis of the Camerawork of Broadcasting Cameramen</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 106, Issue: 2, February 1997); SMPTE, 1997
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