Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 34, Issue: 4, April 1940)

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Effect of Aeration on the Photographic Properties of Developers

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPE
Volume: 34, No. 4, pp. 375–397
Abstract: The object of this investigation was to ascertain the feasibility of using air as a means of agitating developing solutions by determining the effect of bubbling air through various commercially used developers on their photographic properties. Unseasoned elon-hydroquinone developers of relatively high alkalinity (pH 10.0 to 10.5) showed a rapid decrease in activity after aeration for 1 1/2 hours while elon-hydroquinone-borax developers of low alkalinity (pH 8.4 to 8.8) showed increased activity (due to the liberation of alkali resulting from oxidation) which then remained constant for prolonged periods. In general, the alkalinity of developers containing hydroquinone increased on aeration, while those containing only elon showed little change. Practical tests with processing machines equipped with air agitation devices have shown that very constant developing conditions can be maintained when suitably replenished.
Publication Date: 1940-04-01
DOI: 10.5594/J14629
ISSN: Print: 0097-5834
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J14629
Author(s): J. I. Crabtree
C. H. SchwingelEastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y.
Copyright: © 1940 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

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J. I. Crabtree and C. H. Schwingel; Effect of Aeration on the Photographic Properties of Developers, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 34, Issue: 4, April 1940); SMPTE, 1940. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J14629

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J. I. Crabtree and C. H. Schwingel; Effect of Aeration on the Photographic Properties of Developers, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 34, Issue: 4, April 1940); SMPTE, 1940. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J14629

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<span class="citation">J. I. Crabtree and C. H. Schwingel; <cite>Effect of Aeration on the Photographic Properties of Developers</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 34, Issue: 4, April 1940); SMPTE, 1940. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J14629" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J14629</a></span>

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J. I. Crabtree and C. H. Schwingel; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j14629">Effect of Aeration on the Photographic Properties of Developers</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 34, Issue: 4, April 1940); SMPTE, 1940
<span class="doi">10.5594/J14629</span>
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