Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 53, Issue: 6, December 1949)

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Chemical Economics of Spray Processing

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPE
Volume: 53, No. 6, pp. 665–690
Abstract: The rates of aerial oxidation of negative and positive motion picture developers in a pilot spray-developing cabinet, employing small and large reservoirs of developer, were measured and compared with the rates for three other typical circulation systems involving varying degrees of aeration. The wastage of chemicals in the spray cabinet depended upon the volume of developer circulated. In the case of D76d developer the wastage in the spray machine could be less than that in normal systems involving average aeration providing that the volume of circulating developer was sufficiently small. In a positive developer at pH 10.5 the wastage was from 2 to 6 times as much as that in the normal systems, depending upon the volume of developer used. It was found that the rate of loss of chemicals from developers of pH below 10.0 reached a maximum on increasing the degree of aeration. At low pH's the maximum was reached at a low degree of aeration, thus accounting for the possibility of making economical use of spray processing in the case of D76d. At pH 10.5 no maximum rate of loss was reached on increasing the aeration. The rate of loss of the developing agents was found to vary inversely with the sulfite concentration. It was not affected by the presence of colloidal silver, or by traces of copper or dye.
Publication Date: 1949-12-01
DOI: 10.5594/J11676
ISSN: Print: 0097-5834
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J11676
Author(s): Gerald I. P. LevensonResearch Laboratories, Kodak, Ltd., Wealdstone, Harrow, Middlesex, England
Copyright: © 1949 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

Maintenance of a Developer by Continuous Replenishment [Active]
The Application of Potentiometric Methods to Developer Analysis [Active]
Solution Agitation by Means of Compressed Air [Active]
Effect of Aeration on the Photographic Properties of Developers [Active]
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12. James T. H. Weissberger A. , “Oxidation processes XIII. The inhibitory action of sulfite and other compounds on the autoxidation of hydroquinone and its homologs,” J. Amer. Chem. Soc. , vol. 61 , pp. 442 – 450 ; February, 1939 . EXTERNAL
2. Levenson G. I. P. , “On the kinetics of the reduction of silver bromide by complex photographic developers.” To appear in the Transactions of the XIth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 1947 , London. EXTERNAL
5. Levenson G. I. P. , “The determination of Elon and hydroquinone in developers; An examination of Stott's method,” Phot. J. , vol. 87B , pp. 18 – 24 ; 1947 . EXTERNAL
7. Levenson G. I. P. , “Controlling the Elon-hydroquinone developer,” British Kinematography , vol. 12 , pp. 37 – 50 ; February, 1948 . EXTERNAL
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Gerald I. P. Levenson; Chemical Economics of Spray Processing, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 53, Issue: 6, December 1949); SMPTE, 1949. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J11676

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Gerald I. P. Levenson; Chemical Economics of Spray Processing, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 53, Issue: 6, December 1949); SMPTE, 1949. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J11676

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<span class="citation">Gerald I. P. Levenson; <cite>Chemical Economics of Spray Processing</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 53, Issue: 6, December 1949); SMPTE, 1949. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J11676" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J11676</a></span>

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Gerald I. P. Levenson; Chemical Economics of Spray Processing, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 53, Issue: 6, December 1949); SMPTE, 1949
doi: 10.5594/J11676
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/J11676

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Gerald I. P. Levenson; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j11676">Chemical Economics of Spray Processing</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 53, Issue: 6, December 1949); SMPTE, 1949
<span class="doi">10.5594/J11676</span>
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Referenced By

Some Principles of Spray Processing [Active]