Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 10, Issue: 25, May 1926)

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The Staining Properties of Motion Picture Developers

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: Trans. SMPE
Volume: 10, No. 25, pp. 108–116
Abstract: When Most developing agents become oxidized either by the oxygen in the air or by virtue of performing useful work in reducing a silver emulsion to metallic silver, they are converted to colored products which behave like a solution of a dye towards the gelatin coating on film and stain it uniformly. With developers like pyro, which in alkaline solution readily oxidizes to a reddish brown compound, more or less of the colored oxidation product is deposited along with the silver image during development so that a stain image is obtained. This image increases the effective contrast of the negative but is usually accompanied by more or less general stain.<sup>1</sup> Elon and hydroquinone oxidize much less readily than pyro, and in the case of an average elon-hydroquinone motion picture developer which contains a relatively high concentration of sulphite, the rate of oxidation is comparatively slow. The oxidation products of the hydroquinone in this case are most probably hydroquinone mono and di-sodium sulphonates<sup>2</sup> which are colorless. The mono-sulphonate is a weak developer and the di-sulphonate does not develop at all. This explains why certain elon-hydroquinone developers on standing in an open tray for two or three days at room temperature may lose their developing power although they become only slightly colored.
Publication Date: 1926-05-01
DOI: 10.5594/J10292
ISSN: Print: 0096-6460
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J10292
Author(s): J. I. Crabtree
M. L. Dundon
Copyright: © 1926 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

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J. I. Crabtree and M. L. Dundon; The Staining Properties of Motion Picture Developers, Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 10, Issue: 25, May 1926); SMPTE, 1926. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J10292

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J. I. Crabtree and M. L. Dundon; The Staining Properties of Motion Picture Developers, Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 10, Issue: 25, May 1926); SMPTE, 1926. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J10292

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<span class="citation">J. I. Crabtree and M. L. Dundon; <cite>The Staining Properties of Motion Picture Developers</cite>, Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 10, Issue: 25, May 1926); SMPTE, 1926. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J10292" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J10292</a></span>

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<li>
J. I. Crabtree and M. L. Dundon; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j10292">The Staining Properties of Motion Picture Developers</cite>, Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 10, Issue: 25, May 1926); SMPTE, 1926
<span class="doi">10.5594/J10292</span>
</li>