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SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 95, Issue: 2, February 1986)
[ACTIVE]

Pioneers of Television — Charles Francis Jenkins

Metadata

Publisher
SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type
Journal Article
Content Type
Original Research
Abbreviated Title
J SMPTE
Volume
95, No. 2, pp. 224–238
Abstract
This paper is a history of the contributions made to the new art and science of television by Charles Francis Jenkins. It is intended to prove that Jenkins made many advances to the early art of television for which he has not been given proper credit. Jenkins was the only man in history who was present at the birth of both the motion picture and television. Together with Thomas Armat, he devised and built the first practical motion-picture projector in 1895. Early in 1922, he started experiments in facsimile (phototelegraphy), and the following year he gave the first “witnessed” demonstration of a working television system. He continued to perfect his system, and finally acquired some 85 patents in the television field. Jenkins was the founder and first president of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (SMPE), now the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE).
Publication Date
1986-02-01
DOI
10.5594/J07850
ISSN
Print: 0036-1682
Link
https://doi.org/10.5594/J07850
Author(s)
Albert AbramsonSMPTE Archival Papers and Historical Committee, Van Nuys, Calif.
Copyright
© 1986 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

  • 1. “‘Radio Vision’ Shown First Time in History by Capitol Inventor,” Washington Sunday Star , 1 : 4 , June 14, 1925 . EXTERNAL
  • 5.(a) The Telectroscope comes from the following sources: Figuier L. , “Le telectroscope, ou ap-pareil pour transmettre a distance les images,” L. Annee Scientifique et Industrially 21 ; No. 6 ; 1877 , pp. 80 – 81 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) De Paiva Adriano , “A Tele-phonia, A Telegraphia, E. A. Telescopia,” O Institute 25 ; 1878 , pp. 414 – 421 . EXTERNAL
  • (c) “The Telectroscope,” Eng. Mech. , 28 : Jan 31, 1879 . p. 509 . EXTERNAL
  • (d) “The Telectroscope,” Sci. American , vol. 40 : May 17, 1879 , p. 309 . EXTERNAL
  • 6. “Motion Pictures by Wireless,” Moving Picture News , vol. VIII , Sept. 27, 1913 . This was promised in the next issue but no record of it is to be found. EXTERNAL
  • 7. Jenkins Francis C. , “Chairman's Address,” Trans. SMPE. No. 1, 1916 . EXTERNAL
  • 8. Jenkins C. F. , U.S. Pat. No. 1,385,325. Applied Oct. 23, 1919 ; issued July 19,1921. EXTERNAL
  • 9.(a) Jenkins C. F. , “Continuous Motion Picture Machines,” Trans. SMPE , No. 10, May 1920 , pp. 97 – 102 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) Jenkins Francis C. , “Prismatic Rings,” Trans. SMPE , No. 14, May 1922 , pp. 65 – 73 . EXTERNAL
  • 10. Dieckmann Max , “Fernubertragungseinrichtun-gen hoher Mannigfaltigkeit.” Prometheus , No. 1010 , XX ; March 3, 1909 , pp. 337 – 341 . EXTERNAL
  • 2. Jenkins C. F. , Vision by Radio: Radio Photographs; Radio Photograms , ( Jenkins Laboratories, Inc , Washington, D.C. , 1925 ), p. 1 . EXTERNAL
  • 11. “Das Elekrische Fernsehen,” Zeit.fur Schwach. , vol. 3 ; 1909 , pp. 393 – 395 . EXTERNAL
  • 12. Varigny H. D. , “La Vision a Distance,” L Illustration , No. 3485; Dec. 11, 1909 , p. 451 . EXTERNAL
  • 13.(a) Ruhmer E. . “Rosing's System of Telephoty,” Zeit. f. Schwach. , vol. 5 ; April 1911 , pp. 172 – 173 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) Gorokhov P. K. , Boris L'vovich Razing , (Moscow: 1964 ), p. 75 . EXTERNAL
  • 14. Edvard-Gustav Schoultz . French Patent No. 539,613, Applied August 23, 1921 ; isued June 28, 1922. EXTERNAL
  • 15. Jenkins C. F. . U.S. Patent No. 1,544,165. Applied March 13, 1922 ; issued June 30, 1925. EXTERNAL
  • 16.(a) Claudy C. H. , “Motion Pictures by Radio,” Sci. Amer. , vol. 127 ; Nov. 1922 , p. 320 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) Winters S. R. , “The Transmission of Photographs by Radio,” Radio News , vol. 4 ; April 1923 , pp. 1772 – 1773 . EXTERNAL
  • 17. Davis Watson , “Seeing by Radio,” Popular Radio , vol. Ill , No. 4 , April 1923 , pp. 266 – 275 . EXTERNAL
  • 18.(a) Jenkins Francis C. , “Recent Progress in the Transmission of Motion Pictures by Radio,” Trans. SMPE , No. 17; October 1923 , pp. 81 – 85 . In this article, Jenkins stated that he attained a “crude picture, a picture which is unmistakable, however.” EXTERNAL
  • 3.(a) Jenkins Francis C. , Animated Pictures , ( C. Francis Jenkins : Washington, D.C. , 1898 ) reprinted by Arno Press and The New York Times : New York, 1970. EXTERNAL
  • (b) Winters, op. cit. , p. 1773 . EXTERNAL
  • (c) See also Jenkins, op. cit. , (Ref. 2). On p. 119 , the date is given as June 14, 1923 . However, the author gives low priority to this event, as there are no disinterested witnesses. It is included that by Dec. 1923, Jenkins was able to give witnessed demonstrations. (See Ref. 19). EXTERNAL
  • 19.(a) Gernsback H. , “Radio Vision,” Radio News , Dec. 1923 , vol. 5 ; pp. 681 , 823 – 824 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) Davis Watson , “The New Radio Movies,” Popular Radio , vol. IV , No. 6 , Dec. 1923 , pp. 436 – 443 . EXTERNAL
  • 20. Swinton A. A. Campbell , “The Possibilities of Television with Wire and Wireless” Wireless World and Radio Review , vol. 14 : pp. 51 – 56 , April 19, 1924 ; 82 – 84 , April 16, 1924; and 114–118, April 23, 1924. (Presented on March 26, 1924). EXTERNAL
  • 21.(a) This information comes from Dr. Ernst Alex-anderson's own personal records. They are stored at Schaffer Library, Union College, Schenectady, NY. I was privileged to go through them in 1980 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) Ives Herbert E. , “Television: 20th Anniversary” Bell Labs Record , vol. 25 : May 1947 , pp. 190 – 193 . EXTERNAL
  • (c) Nature , vol. 115 , April 4, 1925 , pp. 505 – 506 . EXTERNAL
  • 22. Abramson Albert , “Pioneers of Television – Vladimir Kosma Zworykin.” J. SMPTE , vol. 90 , July 1981 , pp. 580 – 590 ,. EXTERNAL
  • 23.(a) “Radio Shows Far Off Objects in Motion; Washington Officials See Test of Invention,” The. New York Times , 1 : 4 , June 14, 1925 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) Jenkins Francis C. , “History of the Motion Picture,” Trans. SMPE , No. 11, Oct. 1920 , pp. 36 – 49 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) Jenkins Francis C. , “Radio Movies,” Trans. SMPE , No. 21; May 1925 , pp. 7 – 11 . EXTERNAL
  • (c) Herndon Charles Allen , “‘Motion Pictures’ by Ether Waves,” Pop. Radio , vol. VIII , Aug. 1925 , pp. 107 – 113 . EXTERNAL
  • 24. “Jenkins' Test of ‘Talking Movie’ Radio Set,” The New York Times , 3 : 6 , Aug. 12, 1925 . EXTERNAL
  • 25. Munchener Neueste Nachrichten , Nr. 230, vol. 21 : 5 August 21, 1925 . EXTERNAL
  • 26. “The Televisor,” London Times , 9c , Jan. 28, 1926 . EXTERNAL
  • 27. “Moving Images Sent by Wire or Wireless by Professor Belin before Paris Experts,” New York Times , 1 : 4 , July 29, 1926 . EXTERNAL
  • 28. Dauvillier A. , “Sur le telephote, appareil de television par tubes a vide; Results experimentaux preliminaires” Compies Rendus , vol. 183 : Aug. 2, 1926 , pp. 352 – 354 . This paper was presented by M. L. de Broglie. EXTERNAL
  • 29.(a) Takayanagi K. , “Experiments on Television,” J. 1EE, (Japan) , No. 482, Sept. 1928 , pp. 932 – 942 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) Takayanagi started his work on a cathode-ray system in March 1926. He claimed that he had a new sync system in Sept. 1926, and by Oct. 1926 it was operating, The December 1926 date was given later. See Kenjiro Takayanagi, “Research and Development of All Electronic Television System,” p. 6 . Publicity release given the author in August 1981 during a visit with Prof. Takayanagi in Tokyo, Japan. EXTERNAL
  • 30. “Far Off Speakers Seen as Well as Heard Here in a Test of Television,” The New York Times , 1 : 1 . April 8, 1927 . See also, “Television, Its Development and Accomplishment,” Bell Lab Record , vol.4: May 1927, pp. 297–325. EXTERNAL
  • (c) Armat Thomas , “My Part in the Development of the Motion Picture Projector,” J. SMPE , March 1935 , vol. 24 , pp. 241 – 256 . EXTERNAL
  • 31. “Daily Record by Farnsworth,” Exhibit N, U.S. Patent Interference No. 73,203, pp. 11 – 12 (lams vs. Ballard vs. Farnsworth). However, this same Interference disclosed that he did not get a “real” picture until May 7–13,1928 (see pp. 96–99). EXTERNAL
  • 32. “Radio Television to Home Receivers Is Shown in Tests,” The New York Times , 1 : 6 , Jan. 14, 1928 . EXTERNAL
  • 33. “Broadcast Pictures,” The New York Times , 3 : 2 , May 6, 1928 . EXTERNAL
  • 34.(a) “Radio Movies and Television for The Home,” Radio News , vol. 10 : Aug. 1928 , pp. 116 – 118 , 173 . C. Francis Jenkins, “The Drum Scanner in Radiomovies Receivers,” Proc. IRE , vol. 17: Sept. 1929, pp. 1576–1583. EXTERNAL
  • (b) Jenkins C. F. , U.S. Patent applied June 2, 1926; issued Sept. 14, 1928 . EXTERNAL
  • 35. Jenkins , Radiomovies: Radiovision; Television , ( Jenkins Laboratories , Washington, D.C. , 1929 ), p. 10 . EXTERNAL
  • 36. Jenkins C. F. , U.S. Patent No. 1,756,291. Applied July 16, 1928 , issued April 29,1930. EXTERNAL
  • 37.(a) Green Herndon , “Complex Televisors to Give Large Images” Radio News , vol. 10 : Dec. 1928 , pp. 536 – 537 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) Jenkins described his Plate Transmitter in his 1929 book, (see Ref. 35) pp. 85–87. Jenkins C. F. , “The Development of Television and Radiomovies to Date,” J. SMPE , vol. 14 : March 1930 , pp. 344 – 348 . EXTERNAL
  • (c) See U.S. Patent Interference No. 62,727. EXTERNAL
  • (d) Richardson F. H. , “What Happened in the Beginning,” Trans. SMPE , Sept. 1925 . vol. 22 , pp. 63 – 114 . EXTERNAL
  • 38. Takayanagi , op. cit. , pp. 7 – 8 (Ref. 29). EXTERNAL
  • 39. Goebel Gerhart , “Das Fernsehen in Deutschland bis zum Jahre 1945,” Archiv Post-und Fern-meldewesen . No. 230 , vol. 21 : Aug. 1953 , pp. 28 – 282 . EXTERNAL
  • 40. Bell Telephone Labs, Case No. 33089. It was mentioned in a memorandum from H. Ives to H. D. Arnold, dated May 11, 1928 . EXTERNAL
  • 41. Fleming J. R. , “Daylight Television –A Remarkable Advance,” Television (London) , vol. 1 : July 1928 , pp. 5 – 7 . R. F. Tillman, “How ‘Stereoscopic’ Television is Shown,“ Radio News , vol. 10: Nov. 1928, pp. 418–419. EXTERNAL
  • 42. “Radio Movies Demonstrated,” Science and Invention , vol. 16 : Nov. 1928 , pp. 622 – 623 , 666 . EXTERNAL
  • 43.(a) Bell Telephone Labs, Case No. 33089. Letter from Mr. Fleager to E. B. Craft dated Sept. 4, 1928 . EXTERNAL
  • (b) “S. F. Man's Invention to Revolutionize Television,” San Francisco Chronicle , Second Front Page, Sept. 3, 1928 . EXTERNAL
  • 44. Clark George H. , “C. Francis Jenkins – Television Adventurer” Radio-Craft , vol. 19 : Jan. 1948 . pp. 32 – 34 , 120 – 125 . EXTERNAL
  • 45. Porter L. C. , “C. Francis Jenkins (1867- 1934.” J. SMPE , vol. 23 : Sept. 1934 , pp. 126 – 130 . EXTERNAL
  • (e) Hendricks Gordon , “The Kinetoscope,” (The Beginnings of the American Film: G.P.O. 2552, New York, 1966), p. 143 . EXTERNAL
  • (f) The reference to the Latham Loop controversy comes from Ramsaye Terry , A Million and One Nights ( Simon and Schuster : New York , 1926 ), pp. 197 , 292 – 293 . Ramsaye states that his research indicated that Armat has priority on the loop for projectors and that Enoch J. Rector, who worked for the Latham organization, has priority for cameras (p. 293, vol. 1). EXTERNAL
  • 4. Jenkins Francis C. , “Transmitting Pictures by Electricity,” The Electrical Engineer , vol. 18 ; July 25, 1894 , pp. 62 – 63 . EXTERNAL
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Albert Abramson; Pioneers of Television — Charles Francis Jenkins, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 95, Issue: 2, February 1986); SMPTE, 1986
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Albert Abramson; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j07850">Pioneers of Television — Charles Francis Jenkins</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 95, Issue: 2, February 1986); SMPTE, 1986
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