Adaptive Encoders: The New Generation of MPEG-2 Encoders

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: SMPTE J
Volume: 109, No. 4, pp. 287–294
Abstract: Whereas current debate concerns more object-oriented technologies, such as the MPEG-4 standardization process, this paper adresses the state of the art of MPEG-2 technology. The MPEG-2 standard was adopted four years ago and is currently used for broadcasting digital television worldwide. Some comments and requirements from the first field trials require a new generation of MPEG-2 compression systems, and it was the objective of this paper to try to give some inputs for them. Whereas the first generations were mainly an optimization of the TM5 model with new motion estimators, new bit-rate control strategies and sometimes new mode selection algorithms, this new generation will be adaptive to the picture content and complexity. This adaptation concerns not only the input data (such as picture resolution, noise reduction) or the encoder itself (GOP structure, local adaptation, multipass encoding), but also the bandwidth (statistical multiplexing). From the results presented here, a 20 to 30% bit savings can be expected on average, and locally more than 50% (for special cases where the encoders fails, i.e,. noise, scene cuts, fading). After being in the cost and system software, the competition is now clearly on compression efficiency to add as many programs as possible into one single channel. The new techniques developed and introduced in this phase of optimization will certainly be exploited in future standards such as MPEG-4 or MPEG-7 where segmentation and scene characterization, respectively, will be key technologies.
Publication Date: 2000-04-01
DOI: 10.5594/J05363
ISSN: Print: 0036-1682
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J05363
Author(s): P. GuillotelPhillipe Guillotel, Dominique Thoreau, Pierre Ruellou, Philippe Bordes, Bertrand Chupeau, and Christophe Chevance are with Thomson Multimedia R&D, 35511 Cesson-Sevigne, France.
D. ThoreauPhillipe Guillotel, Dominique Thoreau, Pierre Ruellou, Philippe Bordes, Bertrand Chupeau, and Christophe Chevance are with Thomson Multimedia R&D, 35511 Cesson-Sevigne, France.
P. RuellouPhillipe Guillotel, Dominique Thoreau, Pierre Ruellou, Philippe Bordes, Bertrand Chupeau, and Christophe Chevance are with Thomson Multimedia R&D, 35511 Cesson-Sevigne, France.
P. BordesPhillipe Guillotel, Dominique Thoreau, Pierre Ruellou, Philippe Bordes, Bertrand Chupeau, and Christophe Chevance are with Thomson Multimedia R&D, 35511 Cesson-Sevigne, France.
B. ChupeauPhillipe Guillotel, Dominique Thoreau, Pierre Ruellou, Philippe Bordes, Bertrand Chupeau, and Christophe Chevance are with Thomson Multimedia R&D, 35511 Cesson-Sevigne, France.
C. ChevancePhillipe Guillotel, Dominique Thoreau, Pierre Ruellou, Philippe Bordes, Bertrand Chupeau, and Christophe Chevance are with Thomson Multimedia R&D, 35511 Cesson-Sevigne, France.
Copyright: © 2000 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

1. ISO/IEC 13818–2, “Information Technology—Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information—Video,” 1995 . EXTERNAL
10. Tudor P. N. Werner O. H. , “Real-Time Transcoding of MPEG-2 Video Bit Streams,” Proc. Intl. Broadcasting Convention (IBC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 206 – 301 , Sept. 1997 . EXTERNAL
11. Brightwell P. J. Dancer S. J. Knee M. J. , “Flexible Switching and Editing of MPEG-2 Video Bitstreams,” Proc. Intl. Broadcasting Convention (IBC) , Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 547 – 552 , Sept. 1997 . EXTERNAL
12. Watson A. B. , “DCT Quantization Matrices Visually Optimized for Individual Images,” Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display IV, Proc. SPIE, pp. 1913 – 14 , 1993 . EXTERNAL
13. Goldsmith N. , “Vision Optimized Video Encoding,” Digital Video on the (Near) Horizon , NAB1997, 1997 . EXTERNAL
14. Theunis H. G. J. Keesman G. J. Küppers J. M. G. , “Variable Bit-Rate Coding of Image Series for Optical Recording in a MPEG-2 Context,” Proc. Workshop on HDTV1994 , Torino, Italy, 1994 . EXTERNAL
15. Keesman G. , “Analysis of Joint Bit-rate Control in Multi-Program Image Coding,” SPIE Visual Communication and Image Processing Conf. , Chicago, U.S., pp. 1906 – 1917 , Sept. 1994 . EXTERNAL
2. MPEG-2, Test Model 5 (TM5), ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/ WG11/93-400, Test Model Editing Committee Doc. , Feb. 1993 . EXTERNAL
3. Thomas G. A. , “Motion Estimation for MPEG-2 Coding Using ‘True’ Vectors , BBC Research and Development Report 1996/11 , 1996 . EXTERNAL
4. Wiegand T. , “Rate-Distortion Optimized Mode Selection for Very Low Bit Rate Video Coding and the Emerging H.263 Standard,” IEEE Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology,” Vol. 6 , No. 2 , pp. 182 – 190 , Apr. 1996 . EXTERNAL
5. Shoham Y. Gersho A. , “Efficient Bit Allocation for an Arbitrary Set of Quantizers,” IEEE Trans. ASSP , Vol. 36 , No. 9 , Sept. 1988 . EXTERNAL
6. Alattar A. , “Detecting and Compressing Dissolve Regions in Video Sequences with a DVI Multimedia Image Compression Algorithm,” Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. on Circuits and Systems , pp. 13 – 16 , May 1993 . EXTERNAL
7. Nogaki S. Ohta M. Omachi T. , “A Study on HDTV Signal Coding with Motion Adaptive Noise Reduction.” Proc. of the 3rd Intl. Workshop on HDTV , Torino, Italy, 1989 . EXTERNAL
8. Wilkinson J. H. , “Studio Compression into the New Millennium,” Proc. Intl. Television Symp. Montreux 1997 , Montreux, Switzerland, 1997 . EXTERNAL
9. Brailean J. C. , “Noise Reduction Filters for Dynamic Image Sequences: A Review,” Proc. IEEE , Vol. 83 , No. 9 , pp. 1272 – 1292 , Sept. 1995 . EXTERNAL

Source Data (JSON)

Full registry record with provenance metadata. Open directly: /api/doc/10.5594-J05363.json

Reference Tree

Explore all references and references to this document, as a navigable tree.

Open Reference Tree

Reference this Doc

Plain text (ISO 690 compliant)

Preview:

P. Guillotel, D. Thoreau, P. Ruellou, P. Bordes, B. Chupeau, and C. Chevance; Adaptive Encoders: The New Generation of MPEG-2 Encoders, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 109, Issue: 4, April 2000); SMPTE, 2000. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J05363

Snippet:

P. Guillotel, D. Thoreau, P. Ruellou, P. Bordes, B. Chupeau, and C. Chevance; Adaptive Encoders: The New Generation of MPEG-2 Encoders, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 109, Issue: 4, April 2000); SMPTE, 2000. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J05363

HTML (ISO 690 compliant)

Preview:

Snippet:

<span class="citation">P. Guillotel, D. Thoreau, P. Ruellou, P. Bordes, B. Chupeau, and C. Chevance; <cite>Adaptive Encoders: The New Generation of MPEG-2 Encoders</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 109, Issue: 4, April 2000); SMPTE, 2000. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J05363" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J05363</a></span>

SMPTE's HTML Pub

Preview:

Snippet:

<li>
P. Guillotel, D. Thoreau, P. Ruellou, P. Bordes, B. Chupeau, and C. Chevance; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j05363">Adaptive Encoders: The New Generation of MPEG-2 Encoders</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 109, Issue: 4, April 2000); SMPTE, 2000
<span class="doi">10.5594/J05363</span>
</li>