Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 21, Issue: 2, August 1933)

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An Improved Potassium Alum Fixing Bath Containing Boric Acid

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPE
Volume: 21, No. 2, pp. 137–153
Abstract: Most hardening fixing baths containing potassium alum tend to lose their hardening properties and precipitate a sludge of aluminum sulfite long before the fixing power of the sodium thiosulfate becomes exhausted. It is customary in large-scale practice to offset this loss in hardening properties by adding acid to the bath several times during its useful life. The addition of boric acid (5 grams per liter) to a fixing bath containing potassium alum has been found to increase the hardening life about four times and to minimize the sludging tendency to such an extent that revival with acid is unnecessary during the useful life of the bath. A detailed study has been made of the properties of fixing baths containing potassium alum, acetic acid, sodium sulfite, and boric acid, and a suitable formula is recommended for motion picture work. Except for tropical use, it is considered that the formula containing boric acid is to be preferred to most chrome alum fixing baths which require frequent revival with acid during use'in order to maintain uniform hardening properties.
Publication Date: 1933-08-01
DOI: 10.5594/J02040
ISSN: Print: 0097-5834
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J02040
Author(s): H. D. Russell
J. I. CrabtreeResearch Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y
Copyright: © 1933 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

1 Crabtree J. I. Russell H. D. : “Some Properties of Chrome Alum Stop Baths and Fixing Baths (Part I), Chrome Alum Stop Baths,” J. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. , XIV (May, 1930 ), No. 5 , p. 483 . EXTERNAL
2 Crabtree J. I. Russell H. D. : “Some Properties of Chrome Alum Stop Baths and Fixing Baths (Part II), Chrome Alum Fixing Baths,” J. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. , XIV (June, 1930 ), No. 6 , p. 667 . EXTERNAL
3 Crabtree J. I. Hartt H. A. : “Some Properties of Fixing Baths,” Trans. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. , XIII ( 1929 ), No. 38 , p. 364 . EXTERNAL
4 Sheppard S. E. Elliot F. A. Sweet S. S. : “The Chemistry of the Acid Fixing Baths,” J. Frank. Inst. , 196 ( 1923 ), p. 45 . EXTERNAL
5 Boeseken J. Vermaas N. : “On the Composition of Acid Boric Acid-Diol Compounds,” J. Phys. Chem. , 35 ( 1931 ), p. 1477 . EXTERNAL
6 Hermans P. H. : “Über die Konstitution der Borsäuren und einiger ihrer Derivate'’ (On the Constitution of Boric Acid and Its Several Derivatives) , Zeit anorg. allgem. Chem. , 142 ( 1925 ), p. 83 . Also Boeseken, J., and Coops, J.: “The Use of Boric Acid for Determining the Structure of Various Organic Compounds; I—The Dissociation Constants of Various Acids in the Presence of Boric Acid,” Rec. trav. chim., 45 (1925), p. 407 . EXTERNAL

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H. D. Russell and J. I. Crabtree; An Improved Potassium Alum Fixing Bath Containing Boric Acid, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 21, Issue: 2, August 1933); SMPTE, 1933. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J02040

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H. D. Russell and J. I. Crabtree; An Improved Potassium Alum Fixing Bath Containing Boric Acid, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 21, Issue: 2, August 1933); SMPTE, 1933. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J02040

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<span class="citation">H. D. Russell and J. I. Crabtree; <cite>An Improved Potassium Alum Fixing Bath Containing Boric Acid</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 21, Issue: 2, August 1933); SMPTE, 1933. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J02040" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J02040</a></span>

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<li>
H. D. Russell and J. I. Crabtree; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j02040">An Improved Potassium Alum Fixing Bath Containing Boric Acid</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 21, Issue: 2, August 1933); SMPTE, 1933
<span class="doi">10.5594/J02040</span>
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