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• Recent Advances in the Transfer and Manipulation of Film Images in the Data and HDTV Domains[Active]
• Proposed SMPTE Standard for Television — 1920 × 1080 Scanning and Analog and Parallel Digital Interfaces for Multiple-Picture Rates[Active]
• 1. Advanced Television Systems Committee Specification A-53.EXTERNAL
• 12. Heitmann J.K.R. , “The SMPTE D-6 Digital Recording Format,” presented at the SMPTE Advanced Television and Electronic Imaging Conference, San Francisco, Feb. 1995 . Proc., pp. 92 – 101 .EXTERNAL
• 13. Manufactured by Philips Broadcast, Weiterstadt, Germany.EXTERNAL
• 14. Negative film has significant “exposure latitude”; which is generally exploited more than the latitude available in video cameras; hence during or after telecine transfer it may be necessary to expand part of the recovered density range of an over- or under-exposed negative to yield a satisfactory grayscale. This means more amplitude coding levels are required to avoid visible quantizing errors. Where this grayscale correction is deferred (e.g., in so-called “tape-to-tape” color correction), all equipment prior to this correction must maintain this greater precision (larger dynamic range).EXTERNAL
• 15. “Segmented” form means that the active lines from the total progressive frame, in this case 1080, are divided into odd-numbered lines (540) in a first segment, and the remaining even-numbered lines (540) in a second segment. The segment occurrence rate is then twice the progressive frame rate. There are two differences between this form and the more familiar interlaced form. First, this mode is confined to applications where the original source prior to segmentation has been scanned with a progressive scan sensor (e.g., film); this means that the motion phase of the two segments will be the same (which is not the case with true interlaced scanning). Second, it is required that there be no additional built-in vertical response filtering (e.g., by line-averaging in the sensor), as is the case with interlaced scanning, and which is present to prevent small area flicker and aliasing in interlaced displays. This is because “segmented” signals are intended to be converted back to progressive scan at some later stage. The purpose of this segmentation is to allow easier adaptation of equipment designed originally for interlaced operation, such as VTRs, and also via the doubling of effective vertical rate (in this case from 24 Hz to 48 Hz) to allow simple monitoring with a tolerable flicker frequency.EXTERNAL
• 16. SMPTE RP211, “Implementation of 24P, 25P, and 30P Segmented Frames for 1920 × 1080 Production Format” (this document used in conjunction with ref. 9).EXTERNAL
• 17. 23.98 Hz is the frame rate that results when 24.00 Hz is shifted by the same ratio (1/1.001) as when 60.00 Hz becomes 59.94 Hz (these numbers are rounded from the exact figures). A 23.98-Hz film transfer, for example, will be performed to yield 59.94-Hz field rate transmission standard video in nominal “525/60” countries.EXTERNAL
• 18. See note 15.EXTERNAL
• 19. SMPTE 292M, “Television—Bit-Serial Digital Interface for High-Definition Television Systems,” SMPTE J. , 107 : 849 , Sept. 1998 .EXTERNAL
• 20. The clock frequency is shifted downwards for the same reason as in ref. 17.EXTERNAL
• 21. See ref. 19.EXTERNAL
• 22. See minutes of specialist joint “Time Code & Reference for 1080/24P” Ad Hoc Group meeting, as part of SMPTE S22 Systems Technology meetings, held at Tektronix, Beaverton, Ore., May 1999 .EXTERNAL
• 24. “Spirit DataCine Film Scanner,” Philips Broadcast.EXTERNAL
• 25. “Specter Virtual DataCine,” Philips Broadcast .EXTERNAL
• 26. See ref. 11.EXTERNAL
• 3. A method used in 60-Hz field rate countries to convert from 24-frame film to a 60-Hz television field rate.EXTERNAL
• 4. There is no interlacing, but there may be segmentation (see ref. 15).EXTERNAL
• 5. ANSI/SMPTE 240M-1995, “Television—Signal Parameters—1125-Line High-Definition Production Systems,” SMPTE J. , 105 : 256 , Apr. 1996 ; and SMPTE 260M, “Television—Digital Representation and Bit-Parallel Interface—1125/60 High-Definition Production Systems,” SMPTE J., 101:305, Apr. 1992.EXTERNAL
• 6. Eureka EU-95 standard.EXTERNAL
• 7. Rec. ITU-R BT.709-4, “Parameter Values for the HDTV Standards for Production and International Programme Exchange,” ITU 2000 .EXTERNAL
• 8. 74.25 MHz at a 60.00-Hz field rate and derivatives; 74.25/1.001 MHz at a 59.94-Hz field rate and its derivatives.EXTERNAL
• 9. SMPTE 274M, “Television—1920 × 1080 Scanning and Analog and Parallel Digital Interfaces for Multiple Picture Rates,” SMPTE J. , 107 : 837 , Sept. 1998 .EXTERNAL