API Build-data JSON Resources
Theme

Choose how MSRBot.io looks on this device.

Auto (match system) Light mode Dark mode

Preference is stored in this browser only.

MTS 2024, Article 13 (pp. 1 to 11)
[ACTIVE]

Sound Exposure and Loudness-to-Dialog Ratio

Metadata

Publisher
SMPTE — Hollywood, CA
Doc Type
Conference Paper
Content Type
Original Research
Volume
00, pp. 1–11
Abstract
Studies on hearing health from the last 15 years have led to a new understanding of how temporary “ringing of the ears” and other short-term warnings to sound exposure should not be ignored. If there is a safe sound exposure level, it is lower than previously thought, and certainly lower than stipulated by US OSHA. Contemporary trials on sound exposure are summarized, and findings are compared to sound levels in movie theatres, personal music players and gaming; in particular where young ears risk being on the front line. Data is also compared to hazard-based recommendations and requirements by WHO, ITU-T and the European Commission. Calibrated listening levels used in the production of feature films and drama for OTT are reviewed, based on the same criteria. The newly standardized Loudness-to-Dialog-Ratio (LDR) metric is explained, and it is described how LDR could help keep sound exposure in movies for children at bay. It is suggested to include LDR as a QC metric in delivery specifications and in language dubbing aimed at young or sensitive listeners, before legislation otherwise could become reality in some countries and regions.
Publication Date
2024-10-21
DOI
10.5594/MOO/3013
ISBN
Electronic: 978-1-61482-965-2
Link
https://doi.org/10.5594/MOO/3013
Author(s)
Thomas Lund
Keyword(s)
Safe Listening, Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, Sound Exposure, OSHA, Children's Movies, Dubbing of Movies, Loudness To Dialog Ratio (LDR), Monitoring Level, ISO 226
Copyright
© 2024 SMPTE

Bibliographic Reference(s)

  • ATSC.A85.2021 — ATSC A/85 Standard, Techniques for Establishing and Maintaining Audio Loudness for Digital Television. Washington D.C., 2021. EXTERNAL
  • EBU.R128.2023 — European Broadcasting Union (EBU) R128: Loudness Normalisation And Permitted Maximum Level of Audio Signals, (2023). EXTERNAL
  • IEC.62368-1 — IEC 62368–1 Standard, Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment - Part 1: Safety requirements. Genève, 2023. EXTERNAL
  • Scenihr, Potential health risks of exposure to noise from personal music players and mobile phones including a music playing function. Bruxelles, 2008. EXTERNAL
  • B. Roberts & R. L. Neitzel, Noise exposure limit for children in recreational settings: Review of available evidence. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 2019. EXTERNAL
  • S. G. Kujawa & M. C. Liberman, Adding Insult to Injury: Cochlear Nerve Degeneration after ‘Temporary’ Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. Journal of Neuroscience, 2009. EXTERNAL
  • L. M. Viana, Cochlear neuropathy in human presbycusis: Confocal analysis of hidden hearing loss in post-mortem tissue. Hearing Research vol. 328, 2015. EXTERNAL
  • B. Gourévitch, Is the din really harmless? Long-term effects of non-traumatic noise on the adult auditory system. Nature Neuroscience, 2014. EXTERNAL
  • R. Neitzel & B. Fligor, The Determination of Risk of Noise-induced Hearing Loss Due to Recreational Sound: Review. WHO, Genève, 2017. EXTERNAL
  • EN 50332–3 Standard, Measurement method for sound dose management. European Commission, Bruxelles, 2017. EXTERNAL
  • V. N. Salimpoor, Anatomically distinct dopamine release during anticipation and experience of peak emotion to music. Nature Neuroscience, 2011. EXTERNAL
  • R. J. Zatorre & V. N. Salimpoor, From perception to pleasure: music and its neural substrates. Proceeedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2013. EXTERNAL
  • US public health campaign, Dangerous Decibels, dangerousdecibels.org, 2024. EXTERNAL
  • T. Lund & A. Mäkivirta, On Human Perceptual Bandwidth and Slow Listening. Proceedings of 30th Tonmeistertagung, Cologne, 2018. EXTERNAL
  • E. Skovenborg & T. Lund, Level Normalization of Feature Films using Loudness vs Speech, Proc. of AES 135rd Convention, New York City, 2013. EXTERNAL
  • R-REC-BS.1770-5 — International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R), Recommendation BS.1770–5, Algorithms to measure audio programme loudness and true-peak audio level, 2023. EXTERNAL
Source Data (JSON)

Full registry record with provenance metadata. Open directly: /api/doc/10.5594-MOO-3013.json

Reference Tree

Explore all references and references to this document, as a navigable tree.

Open Reference Tree
Reference this Doc

Plain text (ISO 690 compliant)

Preview:
Thomas Lund; Sound Exposure and Loudness-to-Dialog Ratio, MTS 2024, Article 13 (pp. 1 to 11); SMPTE, 2024, ISBN: 978-1-61482-965-2. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/MOO/3013
Snippet:
Thomas Lund; Sound Exposure and Loudness-to-Dialog Ratio, MTS 2024, Article 13 (pp. 1 to 11); SMPTE, 2024, ISBN: 978-1-61482-965-2. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/MOO/3013

HTML (ISO 690 compliant)

Preview:
Thomas Lund; Sound Exposure and Loudness-to-Dialog Ratio, MTS 2024, Article 13 (pp. 1 to 11); SMPTE, 2024, ISBN: 978-1-61482-965-2. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/MOO/3013
Snippet:
<span class="citation">Thomas Lund; <cite>Sound Exposure and Loudness-to-Dialog Ratio</cite>, MTS 2024, Article 13 (pp. 1 to 11); SMPTE, 2024, ISBN: 978-1-61482-965-2. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/MOO/3013" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/MOO/3013</a></span>

SMPTE Icon SMPTE's HTML Pub

Preview:
Thomas Lund; Sound Exposure and Loudness-to-Dialog Ratio, MTS 2024, Article 13 (pp. 1 to 11); SMPTE, 2024, ISBN: 978-1-61482-965-2
doi: 10.5594/MOO/3013
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/MOO/3013
Snippet:
<li>
Thomas Lund; <cite id="bib-10-5594-moo-3013">Sound Exposure and Loudness-to-Dialog Ratio</cite>, MTS 2024, Article 13 (pp. 1 to 11); SMPTE, 2024, ISBN: 978-1-61482-965-2
<span class="doi">10.5594/MOO/3013</span>
</li>