Exploring Image Corruption in the Workflow, and how to Stop this from Happening
Metadata
- Publisher
- SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
- Doc Type
- Conference Paper
- Content Type
- Original Research
- Volume
- 2017, No. 10, pp. 1–21
- Abstract
- LTO tape Systems, SAN, NAS, Object Store, RAM, and WAN Optimizers all have configurations available to protect the fidelity of image contents in the workflow. Each system has different methods to ensure that frames contents aren't corrupted, and each method protects against a variety of different failure conditions. And yet, unrecoverable frame corruption still occurs at an unacceptable level. This problem is even more serious in an archive scenario, where content may sit untouched for a long duration, and with the corruption staying undetected for extended periods of time. Media and Entertainment workflows rely solely on the protections provided by the underlying compute, storage, and transmission technologies to ensure the fidelity of the data in the workflow. These protections are very difficult to fully characterize and track, because the technologies are generally deployed deep in the hardware or at the lowest software levels of the IT infrastructure. Depending on the path a frame takes through the workflow, it will be treated to a varying set of protection technologies, like RAID, erasure coding, ECC Memory, and parity checking. To overcome the uncertainty of associated with how these methods ensure fidelity, the industry employs failure detection at each stage of the workflow (generally MD5 checksums). When a corrupt image is detected, the entire file must be restored from a backup copy. This approach is very expensive and introduces significant delays in the production when errors occur. This paper will explore the IT technology utilized in the workflow, and discuss the protection mechanisms provided or employed by each workflow element. In this context, the paper will discuss how frame corruption can occur, even when all of the protection technologies are working as designed. The paper will also discuss a method for providing protection to images at the frame level using Forward Error Correction, such that there is uniformity of protection for images applied throughout the workflow, and such that media errors may be recovered in most cases without having to access a backup copy.
- Publication Date
- 2017-10-23
- DOI
10.5594/M001797- ISBN
- Print:
978-1-61482-959-1 - Link
- https://doi.org/10.5594/M001797
- Author(s)
- Keith R. HoganPixspan, Inc.
- Keyword(s)
- Data Corruption, Forward Error Correction, Storage, Archive, SSDs, Object Storage, SAN, NAS, ECC, RAID, Erasure Coding, Raster, Metadata, MD5, Hash Function
- Copyright
- © 2017 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.
Bibliographic Reference(s)
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- Kilavo Hassan, Kisangiri Michael, Salehe I. Mrutu, “Forward Error Correction for Storage Media: An Overview”, nternational Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS), Vol. 13, No. 12, December 2015. EXTERNAL
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- NEC, “Silent data corruption in disk arrays: A solution”, Available: https://www.necam.com/Docs/?id=54157ff5-5de8-4966-a99d-341cf2cb27d3, 2009. EXTERNAL
- Vilas Sridharan, Nathan DeBardeleben, Sean Blanchard, Kurt B. Ferreira, Jon Stearley, John Shalf, Sudhanva Gurumurthi, “Memory Errors in Modern Systems, The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly”, December 2014. EXTERNAL
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- Seungyeob Lee , Joon-Sung Yang , “MVP ECC : Manufacturing process variation aware unequal protection ECC for memory reliability”, Design, Automation, and Testing Conference, 2017. EXTERNAL
- Eric W. D. Rozier, Wendy Belluomini, Veera Deenadhayalan, Jim Hafner, KK Rao, Pin Zhou, “Evaluating the Impact of Undetected Disk Errors in RAID Systems”, 2009. EXTERNAL
- Jonathan Stone, Craig Partridge, “When the CRC and TCP Checksum Disagree”, SigComm, Available at: http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2000/conf/paper/sigcomm2000-9-1.pdf, 2009. EXTERNAL
- Vinod Ambrose, “The Physics of Silent SSD Errors”, Storage Field Day, Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqzv2YXMFRs, March 2016. EXTERNAL
- David MacKay, “Basics of Error Control Codes, from Information Theory, Inference, and Learning Algorithms” Available at: https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/cse466/11au/calendar/11-ErrorControlCodes-posted3.pdf, 2003. EXTERNAL
- Bernd Panzer-Steindel, “Data integrity”, Available at: https://indico.cern.ch/event/13797/contributions/1362288/attachments/115080/163419/Data_integrity_v3.pdf, April 2007. EXTERNAL
- SMPTE ST 268:2003 [Superseded]
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Keith R. Hogan; Exploring Image Corruption in the Workflow, and how to Stop this from Happening, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2017); SMPTE, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-61482-959-1. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/M001797
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Keith R. Hogan; Exploring Image Corruption in the Workflow, and how to Stop this from Happening, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2017); SMPTE, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-61482-959-1. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/M001797
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Keith R. Hogan; Exploring Image Corruption in the Workflow, and how to Stop this from Happening, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2017); SMPTE, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-61482-959-1. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/M001797
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<span class="citation">Keith R. Hogan; <cite>Exploring Image Corruption in the Workflow, and how to Stop this from Happening</cite>, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2017); SMPTE, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-61482-959-1. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/M001797" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/M001797</a></span>
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Keith R. Hogan; Exploring Image Corruption in the Workflow, and how to Stop this from Happening, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2017); SMPTE, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-61482-959-1
doi: 10.5594/M001797
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/M001797
doi: 10.5594/M001797
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/M001797
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<li> Keith R. Hogan; <cite id="bib-10-5594-m001797">Exploring Image Corruption in the Workflow, and how to Stop this from Happening</cite>, SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2017); SMPTE, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-61482-959-1 <span class="doi">10.5594/M001797</span> </li>