Method of Evaluating Luminance Reproduction Accuracy of Displays for Complex Imagery

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: SMPTE Mot. Imag. J
Volume: 132, No. 6, pp. 45–54
Abstract: Modern displays utilize complex light emission systems to allow for high dynamic range (HDR) and wide color gamut image reproduction. This results in luminance and contrast distribution across the screen that is not only highly dependent on the image content, but also difficult to accurately measure and predict. The perceptual effects of these shortcomings are partially masked in consumer displays by the spatiotemporal limitations of the human visual system (HVS). However, in the case of color-critical applications such as color grading using professional displays, inaccurate reproduction of image luminance, and contrast can drive creative choices that would not have been made otherwise. In this article, we describe a measurement procedure and analysis aimed at subjectively and objectively determining the ability of a display to accurately reproduce image luminance. The procedure uses a high-resolution imaging light-measuring device (LMD) to capture per-pixel luminance on a screen and compare it against the luminance distribution of the source image. The procedure includes steps for registering the image measured by the LMD to the reference image, compensating for lens distortions, and simulating the modulation transfer function (MTF) of the lens. The article also contains example results collected for two displays along with an analysis of their performance. The test content used in the measurement contains a combination of synthetic imagery and camera-captured, color-graded content. We have developed the procedure for color-critical applications to evaluate the performance of displays and determine luminance reproduction accuracy across complex scenes.
Publication Date: 2023-07-01
DOI: 10.5594/JMI.2023.3277943
ISSN: Print: 1545-0279 | Electronic: 2160-2492
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2023.3277943
Author(s): Robert Wanat
bio
Robert Wanat is a staff researcher, Media Technologies at LG Electronics Zenith R&D. His work includes research collaboration with industry and academia partners as well as standards organizations participation. He is an active participant of multiple industry and standards organizations. Prior to joining LGE Zenith R&D, he was a color scientist at Dolby Laboratories, conducting research that would eventually become Dolby Vision IQ. His professional interests include human visual perception modeling, high dynamic range imaging, objective image quality metrics, and matching image perception across varying viewing conditions. He holds a PhD degree in computer science from Bangor University, Bangor, U.K.
Alexander Carpenter
bio
Alexander Carpenter contributed research for this project with Media Technologies Engineer for the Strategic Technology Projects Team at LG’s Silicon Valley Lab. They earned a BSc degree in motion picture science from the Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, where they conducted research in ambient adaptation for consumer displays. They currently act as a color management software engineer in the Bay Area. They are passionate about enabling the artist to achieve their vision and preserving creative intent when their art is shared with the world.
Michael D. Smith
bio
Michael D. Smith has worked as a digital imaging and intellectual property consultant for 20 years. He has worked on projects for many organizations including Warner Bros., Sony Pictures Entertainment. He was the coeditor of the High-Throughput JPEG 2000 image compression standard that was published in 2019. In 2018, he received a screen credit for his color science work on Mary Poppins Returns. From 2013–2015, he was the co-chair of Blu-ray Disc Association’s UHD-TF Video subgroup which defined the video-related requirements for the Ultra-HD Blu-ray disk format. In 2012, his work on Warner Bros. Digital End to End (DETE) system led to winning a Technical Emmy. In addition to novel technology achievements, he has done extensive work in intellectual property. His work on more than 40 IP matters related to infringement and validity of patents has resulted in settlements and judgments of approximately $1.7 billion. He was the editor of the book titled 3D Cinema and Television Technology: The First100 Years published by SMPTE in 2011 and achieved SMPTE Fellow in 2019. He received BS and MS degrees in electrical engineering from UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, in 2001 and 2004, respectively.
Sally Hattori
bio
Sally Hattori is the director, product development at StudioLAB, The Walt Disney Studios, where she works on advanced technology projects for post-production and distribution technologies such as workflow development for next generation media (4K/UHD, HDR, and immersive audio), machine learning for content production and management, and new entertainment experiences. Prior to joining 20th Century Fox in 2014, now part of The Walt Disney Studios, she served as a senior engineer of technology strategy and standards at Sony Corporation, where she was responsible for various strategic planning and standardizations on video codecs, media applications, and media services. She has contributed to developing various technologies and standards working with various manufactures, content providers, and technology companies. She has received multiple awards for innovative patents and international standards development. She holds a master’s degree in information and communication engineering from Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.
Keyword(s): Calibration, Display Accuracy, Display Measurement, Luminance Reproduction, Metrology, Spatial Luminance
Copyright: © 2023 SMPTE

Bibliographic Reference(s)

Society for Information Display (SID) International Committee for Display Metrology (ICDM), “Information Display Measurements Standard Version 1.1a,” Jul. 2021. Accessed: Aug. 29, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.sid.org/Standards/ICDM EXTERNAL
E. H. A. Langendijk and M. Hammer, “14.4: Contrast Requirements for OLEDs and LCDs Based on Human Eye Glare,” SID Symp. Dig. of Tech. Papers, 41, pp. 192–194, 2010. EXTERNAL
A. Choudhury et al., “Image Quality Evaluation for High Dynamic Range and Wide Color Gamut Applications Using Visual Spatial Processing of Color Differences,” Color Res Appl., 46:46–64, Nov. 2020. 7. EXTERNAL
Y. Le Grand, Optique Physiologique, Revue D’optique: Paris, France, 1952. EXTERNAL
A. B. Watson, “A Formula for the Mean Human Optical Modulation Transfer Function as a Function of Pupil Size,” J. Vision, 13(6):1–11, May 2013. EXTERNAL
The European Broadcasting Union (EBU), “Tech 3320. User Requirements for Video Monitors in Television Production,” Sept. 2019. Accessed: Aug. 29, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://tech.ebu.ch/publications/tech3320 EXTERNAL
S. Safranek and R. G. Davis, “Sources of Error in HDRI for Luminance Measurement: A Review of the Literature,” LEUKOS, 17(2):187–208, Mar. 2022. EXTERNAL
ITU-R BT.2100-2 [Active]
R-REC-BT.2124 — International Telecommunication Union – Radiocommunication (ITU-R), Recommendation BT.2124, “Objective Metric for the Assessment of the Potential Visibility of Colour Difference in Television,” Jan. 2019. EXTERNAL
SMPTE ST 2084:2014 [Active, Stabilized]

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Robert Wanat, Alexander Carpenter, Michael D. Smith, and Sally Hattori; Method of Evaluating Luminance Reproduction Accuracy of Displays for Complex Imagery, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 132, Issue: 6, July 2023); SMPTE, 2023. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2023.3277943

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Robert Wanat, Alexander Carpenter, Michael D. Smith, and Sally Hattori; Method of Evaluating Luminance Reproduction Accuracy of Displays for Complex Imagery, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 132, Issue: 6, July 2023); SMPTE, 2023. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2023.3277943

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<span class="citation">Robert Wanat, Alexander Carpenter, Michael D. Smith, and Sally Hattori; <cite>Method of Evaluating Luminance Reproduction Accuracy of Displays for Complex Imagery</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 132, Issue: 6, July 2023); SMPTE, 2023. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2023.3277943" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2023.3277943</a></span>

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Robert Wanat, Alexander Carpenter, Michael D. Smith, and Sally Hattori; Method of Evaluating Luminance Reproduction Accuracy of Displays for Complex Imagery, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 132, Issue: 6, July 2023); SMPTE, 2023
doi: 10.5594/JMI.2023.3277943
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2023.3277943

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Robert Wanat, Alexander Carpenter, Michael D. Smith, and Sally Hattori; <cite id="bib-10-5594-jmi-2023-3277943">Method of Evaluating Luminance Reproduction Accuracy of Displays for Complex Imagery</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 132, Issue: 6, July 2023); SMPTE, 2023
<span class="doi">10.5594/JMI.2023.3277943</span>
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