A Review of 3D-LUT Performance in 10-bit and 12-bit HDR BT.2100 PQ

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: SMPTE Mot. Imag. J
Volume: 129, No. 2, pp. 59–70
Abstract: The use of the 3-D-LookUp-Tables (3D-LUTs), during cinematic production and post-production, has proven to be both flexible and faster when performing color transformations or when seeking to give a particular look to a captured scene. Unfortunately, the dimension of the 3D-LUT is limited by the available space in the processing hardware, so there must be a tradeoff between the precision of the transformation (to avoid visual artifacts such as banding) and the space required to store it. Nowadays, not only professional equipment but also commercial televisions are able to display gamut wider than DCI-P3 with a higher dynamic range. The new standard for a High Dynamic Range (HDR) television is now International Telecommunication Union-Radiocommunication (ITU-R) Recommendation BT.2100, which has a color gamut that is almost double the size of ITU-R Recommendation BT.709. Our aim was to determine the required minimum size of a 3D-LUT in the BT.2100 color conversion that avoids unnecessary visual artifacts. We found that tetrahedral interpolation outperformed all others for both Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) and HDR applications. It can achieve the same quality of trilinear interpolation using a 3D-LUT 20%–25% smaller on average. In 10-bit SDR, a 3D-LUT larger than 41 × 41 × 41, if using the trilinear interpolation, and larger than 31 × 31 × 31, if using the tetrahedral interpolation, should result in unnoticeable interpolation errors. In 12-bit HDR, a 3D-LUT larger than 72 × 72 × 72, if using the trilinear interpolation, and larger than 55 × 55 × 55, if using the tetrahedral interpolation, should result in unnoticeable interpolation errors. The saturated and dark images resulted in a much larger minimum size 3D-LUT to achieve a just noticeable difference < 1, thereby confirming the findings by Pieri and Pytlarz that ICTCP might not be suited for those types of images. Finally, reducing the bitdepth from 12 to 10 bits requires considerably larger 3D-LUTs to obtain the same image quality.
Publication Date: 2020-03-01
DOI: 10.5594/JMI.2020.2965022
ISSN: Print: 1545-0279 | Electronic: 2160-2492
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2020.2965022
Author(s): JD Vandenberg
bio
Jd Vandenbergis an electrical engineer and mathematician working as an imaging and color science manager for the Walt Disney and Marvel Studios, Burbank, CA. After graduating from college, Vandenberg served as the chief executive officer of Escape Lab, Bruxelles, Belgium, a digital versatile disc (DVD) authoring service, which he cofounded in Belgium, which is where he is from. After moving to the USA in 2010, Vandenberg joined ARRI, Burbank, CA, as an ARRI ALEXA technical support engineer where he spent much of his time, training cinematographers and Digital Imaging Technicians (DITs) on the features of ALEXA. In 2014, Vandenberg joined Technicolor, Los Angeles, CA, as the product manager of their on-set color correction system Director of Photography (DP) Lights. He rebooted the project and designed a brand-new version of DP Lights, one of the most advanced on-set color correction tools. In 2018, Vandenberg joined the Walt Disney Studios where he supports cross studio productions and color workflow, and performs imaging and color-science-related research.
Stefano Andriani
bio
Stefano Andriani was born in Sacile, Italy, in 1975. He received, in 2007, the PhD in electronic and telecommunication engineering from the University of Padua, Padua, Italy. In the same year, he joined the Research and Development Department, Arnold & Richter Cine Technik (ARRI), where, as a member of the Image Science Group, he develops cutting edge color reconstruction and sensor correction algorithms implemented in the award-winning ALEXA camera family. His current research interests are realtime color reconstruction, nonlinear filtering, image compression, and image processing chain optimization, always trying to fill the gap between the rigorous engineer approach and the creativity that leads the cinema industry.
Keyword(s): Delta ICTCP, 3D LUT, HDR, ICTCP
Copyright: © 2020 SMPTE

Bibliographic Reference(s)

Hitting the Mark—A New Color Difference Metric for HDR and WCG Imagery [Active]
International Electrotechnical Commission - IEC/4WD 61966-2-1, “Colour Measurement and Management in Multimedia Systems and Equipment—Part 2.1: Defaults Colour space—sRGB,” May 2006. EXTERNAL
“What Is ICTCP?” [Online]. Availabe: https://www.dolby.com/us/en/technologies/dolby-vision/ICtCp-white-paper.pdf EXTERNAL
Henry R. Kang, Computational Color Technology, SPIE Press Book, 17 May 2006. EXTERNAL
CIE, “Improvement to Industrial Colour-Difference Evaluation,” CIE Publication No. 142-2001, Central Bureau of the CIE: Vienna, 2001. EXTERNAL
ITU-R BT.709.6 [Active]
R-REC-BT.1886 — ITU-R Recommendation BT.1886 (03/2011), Reference Electro-Optical Transfer Function for Flat Panel Displays Used in HDTV Studio Production EXTERNAL

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JD Vandenberg and Stefano Andriani; A Review of 3D-LUT Performance in 10-bit and 12-bit HDR BT.2100 PQ, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 2, March 2020); SMPTE, 2020. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2020.2965022

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JD Vandenberg and Stefano Andriani; A Review of 3D-LUT Performance in 10-bit and 12-bit HDR BT.2100 PQ, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 2, March 2020); SMPTE, 2020. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2020.2965022

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<span class="citation">JD Vandenberg and Stefano Andriani; <cite>A Review of 3D-LUT Performance in 10-bit and 12-bit HDR BT.2100 PQ</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 2, March 2020); SMPTE, 2020. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2020.2965022" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2020.2965022</a></span>

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JD Vandenberg and Stefano Andriani; A Review of 3D-LUT Performance in 10-bit and 12-bit HDR BT.2100 PQ, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 2, March 2020); SMPTE, 2020
doi: 10.5594/JMI.2020.2965022
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2020.2965022

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JD Vandenberg and Stefano Andriani; <cite id="bib-10-5594-jmi-2020-2965022">A Review of 3D-LUT Performance in 10-bit and 12-bit HDR BT.2100 PQ</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 2, March 2020); SMPTE, 2020
<span class="doi">10.5594/JMI.2020.2965022</span>
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