Paper A–7: Physical and Technical Parameters of Flashtubes

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPTE
Volume: 71, No. 1A, pp. 33–40
Abstract: Studies were made of flashtubes with a limited discharge column (capillary tubes); and with an unlimited discharge (lamps with spherical bulbs), in a minimum inductance circuit. The investigations included extreme cases of the construction and supply parameters. Discharge characteristics in capillaries are similar to those in wide-diameter tubes, though corresponding values of specific resistance occur at electric fields some 5 to 10 times higher. The specific resistance of plasma becomes almost constant (equalling ∼ 0.02 ohm cm) at E ≳ 120 v/cm. The discharge extinction voltage is approximately inversely proportional to the inner diameter of the tube. The increase of the light efficiency stops at E ≅ 400 v/cm (reaching very high values of about 40 lm/w). The dependence of the flash duration τ on construction data and on supply parameters was determined, over a wide range of conditions. Within narrow limits of parameter modifications the following expression may be used: τ = AU0-0.6 (Cl)pd-q. Here A is the proportionality coefficient; U0, the initial voltage on the supply condenser; C, the condenser capacity; l and d, the length and the inner diameter of the tube; p and q, approximately constant exponents, which change respectively from 0.5 to 1 and from 0.5 to 2, for wide variation of the parameters. The influence of the inherent discharge circuit inductance on the luminous characteristics of tubular lamps is almost insignificant. The working temperatures of quartz and glass tubular lamps, which are on long-duration stroboscopic duty (750C and 250C respectively) are attained at mean powers of about 10 and 1.8 w/cm of tube length, respectively. The tubes perform for a few seconds (without forced cooling) at powers of 40 and 4 w/cm, respectively. The load factor, (CU4) max, which determines load limits in single-flash operation conditions, does not depend on the diameter, d, for glass tubes in the range from 0.5 to 11 mm, and for quartz tubes in the range from 0.5 to 2 mm. The time necessary for the deionization of the gas gap in capillary quartz tubes, dissipating ∼2 w/cm increases from 80 to 270 μsec for an increase of the initial electric field from 140 to 280 v/cm. At higher power the deionization period drops from 500 to 300 μsec. Accordingly, the critical flash frequencies of such tubes (without any additional commutation element in the discharge circuit) are equal to 12 kc/sec at low wattages, and about 3 kc/sec at higher wattages. To investigate extreme discharge performances in tubes with spherical bulbs, various low-inductance condensers and tube designs were tried. These included disc-shaped, pot, and cylindrical ceramic condensers; cylindrical and spherical quartz condensers; cylindrical film condensers; disc-shaped and coaxial lead-ins, connections and electrodes. As a result data were obtained for discharge circuits of the minimum possible inductance. Investigations were made of discharge column expansion velocities, and of discharge characteristics for various supply parameters. Construction data and supply parameters for tubes with a flash duration of 0.1 μsec, a flash frequency of 3 kc/sec, and a power of 1 kw were established.
Publication Date: 1962-01-01
DOI: 10.5594/J18064
ISSN: Print: 0361-4573
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J18064
Author(s): I. S. MarshakLaboratory of Flashlight Sources at the Electric Lamp Works, Radiotechnical Industry Ministry, Moscow, USSR
L. I. ShchoukinLaboratory of Flashlight Sources at the Electric Lamp Works, Radiotechnical Industry Ministry, Moscow, USSR
Copyright: © 1962 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

1. Marshak I. S. , “Tubular gas-discharge lamps with a condensed spark gas discharge,” Symposium on Vacuum-Technique Materials, Gossenergoizdat, Moscow, No. , 7 : 3 , 1955 (in Russian). EXTERNAL
10. Carlson F. E. Pritchard D. A. , “Characteristics and application of flashtubes,” Illum. Eng. , 42 : 235 , 1948 . EXTERNAL
11. Grebennikov O. F. , “A raster method of high-speed cinematography,” Uspekhy Naootshnoy Fotografii , 6 : 145 , 1959 (in Russian). EXTERNAL
12. Vanewkov M. P. Dobretzov A. F. Issayenko V. I. Mack A. A. , “A powerful pulsed light source,” Uspekhy Naootshnoy Fotografii , 6 : 53 , 1959 (in Russian). EXTERNAL
2. Marshak I. S. , “Some physical and technical aspects of gas discharges in flashtubes,” Proc. 3rd International Congress on High-Speed Photography, Butterworths Scientific Publications, 88 Kingsway, London W. C. 2; in U.S., Academic Press, 111 Fifth Ave., New York 3, 1957 , p. 30 . EXTERNAL
3. Marshak I. S. , “Efficiency of tubular flash lamps,” Svetotechnica, No. , 1 : 17 , 1957 (in Russian). EXTERNAL
4. Marshak I. S. , “Electric characteristics of tubular flash lamps,” Svetotechnica, No. , 6 : 22 , 1957 (in Russian). EXTERNAL
5. Vassilyev V. I. Marshak I. S. , “Load limits for tubular flash lamps,” Symposium on Vacuum-Technique Materials, Gossenergoizdat, Moscow, No. , 14 : 19 , 1958 (in Russian). EXTERNAL
6. Marshak I. S. , “Flash tubes for high-speed photography,” Proc. 4th International Congress on High-Speed Photography, Verlag Dr. Othmar Helwich , Hoffmannstr. 59, Darmstadt, Germany , 1959 , p. 130 (in German). EXTERNAL
7. Marshak I. S. Vassilyev V. I. Mironova A. I. Ivanov V. P. Vdovtshenko R. G. , “New flash tubes,” Uspekhy Naootshnoy Fotografii , 6 : 43 , 1959 (in Russian). EXTERNAL
8. Vdovtshenko R. G. Marshak I. S. Nikolskaya S. A. , “Light output dependence of tubular flash lamps on the tube length, cathode material and the pre-electrode volumes,” Symposium on Vacuum-Technique Materials Gossenergoizdat, Moscow, No. , 21 : 17 , 1959 (in Russian). EXTERNAL
9. Vodovatov B. M. Epstein M. I. , “Spectral characteristics of tubular flash lamps,” Uspekhy Naootshnoy Fotografii , 6 : 35 , 1959 (in Russian). EXTERNAL

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I. S. Marshak and L. I. Shchoukin; Paper A–7: Physical and Technical Parameters of Flashtubes, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 71, Issue: 1A, 1962); SMPTE, 1962. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J18064

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I. S. Marshak and L. I. Shchoukin; Paper A–7: Physical and Technical Parameters of Flashtubes, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 71, Issue: 1A, 1962); SMPTE, 1962. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J18064

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<span class="citation">I. S. Marshak and L. I. Shchoukin; <cite>Paper A–7: Physical and Technical Parameters of Flashtubes</cite>, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 71, Issue: 1A, 1962); SMPTE, 1962. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J18064" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J18064</a></span>

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I. S. Marshak and L. I. Shchoukin; Paper A–7: Physical and Technical Parameters of Flashtubes, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 71, Issue: 1A, 1962); SMPTE, 1962
doi: 10.5594/J18064
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/J18064

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I. S. Marshak and L. I. Shchoukin; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j18064">Paper A–7: Physical and Technical Parameters of Flashtubes</cite>, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 71, Issue: 1A, 1962); SMPTE, 1962
<span class="doi">10.5594/J18064</span>
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