Influence of Image Spread on Sound Film Performance

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: SMPTE Mot. Imag. J
Volume: 113, No. 5-6, pp. 153–163
Abstract: The control of image spread is crucial for the quality of sound reproduction with motion picture films. This paper will describe the performance of systems in which films with different image-spread characteristics use Improved Kodak Panchromatic Sound Recording Film 2374. Image spread induces distortion (linear and nonlinear) of the analog-recorded signals and blur on the digital-recorded patches. This drawback is overcome in the sound transfer house by cancellation of the effect of image spread in the negative film with the appropriate image spread in the printed film. The topics of this paper are related to the optical transfer and printing operations in the lab. The impact of the light spread on the sound film performance will be presented. Graphs and measurements will allow comparison of the impact on a relatively high image-spread negative film (Kodak Panchromatic Sound Recording Film 2374) and a low-spread negative film (Improved Kodak Panchromatic Sound Recording Film 2374) on cross-modulation, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), frequency response (relative to analog sound reproduction), and digital quality metrics (Dolby DQI, Sony SDDS rating).
Publication Date: 2004-05-01
DOI: 10.5594/J16284
ISSN: Print: 1545-0279 | Electronic: 2160-2492
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J16284
Author(s): Jean-Pierre Vitton
bio
Jean-Pierre Vitton has a Ph.D. in electronics and optics of materials and a B.S. in chemistry. He has worked at Eastman Kodak Co. for over 19 years. During his ten years in the Corporate Research Lab, he has written more than 20 papers on international research reviews. He is now responsible for sound at the entertainment imaging division of Kodak at “Centre de Technologie Photographique” in France. He was responsible for technical characterizations of Improved Kodak Panchromatic Sound Recording Film 2374. Vitton is a member of SMPTE.
Steven M. GerlachSenior engineer at the Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY.
bio
Steven M. Gerlach is a senior engineer at the Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY. He has worked in a variety of divisions at Kodak for over 20 years. He is currently involved with optimizing the manufacture of ECN and black-and-white motion picture films in Rochester. His interests are in design for manufactura-bility and he works closely with the research division as new technologies are developed, then transferred to manufacturing. In 2001, Gerlach received an Academy Award for Science Technology for his work in developing the Panchromatic Sound Recording Film 2374, introduced in 1995.
Marian Herz
bio
Marian Herz left Kodak in 2004 to become director, product line marketing for a Speciality Pulp business at Weyerhaeuser Corp. in Seattle, WA. Prior to that she worked at Kodak for more than 24 years, most recently as product marketing manager in the company's entertainment imaging division where she was responsible for managing black-and-white motion picture film products, motion picture chemicals, and various other film and digital products. During her tenure at Kodak, Herz also held positions as business analyst in the entertainment imaging division, manager of new product development, associate trade marketing manager, sales account executive, and business research analyst in Kodak's U.S. consumer imaging division. Prior to Kodak, Herz worked for several years as an executive manager in a not-for-profit agency. She also owns her own fine art photography business. Herz has an MBA in finance from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and a B.A. degree from Smith College in Northampton, MA.
Susan D. Hill
bio
Susan D. Hill has worked at Kodak for over 25 years. She has a B.S. in chemical engineering with graduate-level studies in computer software and business administration. During her 20 years in the Kodak Research Laboratories, Hill has been responsible for designing consumer color papers and films, as well as Vision 250D color-negative film. She has led R&D teams in bringing new chemistries to Vision Color Print film and bring black-and-white motion picture print film and sound films to the marketplace. Hill is currently on the Kodak R&D administrative team, responsible for leading the media R&D productivity initiative, directed at workflow re-design across Kodak's media product lines.
Alan J. MassonDirector of engineering at Eastman Kodak Co. in Hollywood
bio
Alan Masson is director of engineering at Eastman Kodak Co. in Hollywood. He was responsible for the customer testing of Improved Kodak Panchromatic Sound Recording Film 2374. He is a Fellow of SMPTE, Chairman of SMPTE F2 Committee, and a Governor and Past-Chair of the Hollywood Section.
Copyright: © 2004 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

Red Readers, Silver, High-Magenta, and Cyan Analog Sound Tracks—Review and Status [Active]
Modulated high-frequency recording as a means of determining conditions for optimal processing [Active]
1. Case D. , Motion Picture Film Processing, Media Manuals , Focal Press : London and Boston , 1985 . EXTERNAL
10. Vitton J-P. , “Improved 2374 and Image Spread,” presented at the First International Meeting at Dolby Labs, London, Jan. 2002 . EXTERNAL
2. Stroebel L. , Photographic Materials and Processes , Focal Press : London and Boston , 1986 . EXTERNAL
3. Coutant P. A. , “La Reproduction du Son au Cinema,” FEMIS-CST , 1991 . EXTERNAL
5. “Cross-modulation Distortion Testing for Small Laboratories,” Kodak Publication N. H-44. EXTERNAL
6. Farrell Greg E. , “Kodak Panchromatic Sound Recording Film for Multiformat Digital Tracks,” presented at the First Annual SMPTE Spring Film Conference, Los Angeles, CA, Mar. 1997 . EXTERNAL
7. Goldberg Paul R. , “High-Magenta and Cyan Analog Sound Tracks: A Progress Report,” presented at the First Annual SMPTE Spring Film Conference, Los Angeles, CA, Mar. 1997 . EXTERNAL
9. Goldberg P. R. Allen I. Ricotta F. Sehlin R. C. , “Red LED Reproduction of Cyan, Stereo Variable Area Dye Tracks,” presented at the 138th SMPTE Technical Conference, Los Angeles, CA, Oct. 1996 . EXTERNAL

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Jean-Pierre Vitton, Steven M. Gerlach, Marian Herz, Susan D. Hill, and Alan J. Masson; Influence of Image Spread on Sound Film Performance, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 113, Issue: 5-6, 2004); SMPTE, 2004. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J16284

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Jean-Pierre Vitton, Steven M. Gerlach, Marian Herz, Susan D. Hill, and Alan J. Masson; Influence of Image Spread on Sound Film Performance, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 113, Issue: 5-6, 2004); SMPTE, 2004. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J16284

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<span class="citation">Jean-Pierre Vitton, Steven M. Gerlach, Marian Herz, Susan D. Hill, and Alan J. Masson; <cite>Influence of Image Spread on Sound Film Performance</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 113, Issue: 5-6, 2004); SMPTE, 2004. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J16284" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J16284</a></span>

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Jean-Pierre Vitton, Steven M. Gerlach, Marian Herz, Susan D. Hill, and Alan J. Masson; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j16284">Influence of Image Spread on Sound Film Performance</cite>, SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 113, Issue: 5-6, 2004); SMPTE, 2004
<span class="doi">10.5594/J16284</span>
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