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SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 102, Issue: 10, October 1993)
[ACTIVE]

The First Twenty Years of HDTV: 1972–1992

Metadata

Publisher
SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type
Journal Article
Content Type
Original Research
Abbreviated Title
SMPTE J
Volume
102, No. 10, pp. 913–930
Abstract
Large-screen, high-definition television (HDTV) and high-resolution imaging (HRI) have become the subject of increasing public interest. Work under way in the International Radio Consultative Committee (CCIR)1.2 branch of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)3 since 1972 has focused on establishing standards for high-definition production and the international exchange of programs, as well as the study of the methods of emission of high-definition television signals for terrestrial and satellite broadcasting. The work in the field of HDTV was assigned to Study Group 11 (television broadcasting), chaired by Mark I. Krivocheev (Russian Federation). This article is intended to serve as an information source for students of the communications industry, to preserve the historical heritage of the industry, and to contribute to the understanding of the development of HDTV. The author provides a brief historical overview focusing on the development of HDTV, using CCIR documents as the basis of the study. He has organized the work by assembling a collection of landmark CCIR documents and providing a narrative text on their importance. The perspective is therefore from an international point of view and provides an chronology of the critical developments in HDTV television during the period 1972–1992.
Publication Date
1993-10-01
DOI
10.5594/J15889
ISSN
Print: 0036-1682
Link
https://doi.org/10.5594/J15889
Author(s)
Mark I. KrivocheevRadio Institute of the Russian Federation; ITU/R Study Group 11, Television Broadcasting, Geneva, Switzerland
S. N. BaronNBC, Inc., New York, NY 10112
Copyright
© 1993 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

  • 1. The CCIR is one of five permanent organs of the ITU. It studies technical and operational questions relating to radio communications and establishes recommendations (standards and practices) for radio communications systems . EXTERNAL
  • 10. CCIR Report 801–3, “The Present State of High Definition Television,” Fig. 1, June 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 11. Ibid., pp. 17 – 19 . EXTERNAL
  • 12. CCIR Document 11/485, “Summary Record of the Third Meeting,” p. 2 , Oct. 28, 1985 . EXTERNAL
  • 13. Nickelson R. L. , “The Evolution of HDTV in the Work of the CCIR,” IEEE Trans, on Broadcasting , 35 : 250 – 259 , Sept. 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 14. Hopkins R. Davies K. P. , “Development of HDTV Emission Systems in North America,” IEEE Trans, on Broadcasting , 35 : 259 – 270 , Sept. 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 15. Hatori M. Nakamura Y. , “1125/60 HDTV Studio Standard Intended to be a Worldwide Unified HDTV Standard,” IEEE Trans, on Broadcasting , 35 : 270 – 279 , Sept. 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 16. Wassiczek N. Waters G. T. Wood D. , “European Perspectives on HDTV Studio Production Standards,” IEEE Trans, on Broadcasting , 35 : 279 , Sept. 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 17. CCIR Document PLEN/69-E (Rev. 1), “Minutes of the Third Plenary Meeting,” pp. 2 – 4 , May 29, 1990 . EXTERNAL
  • 18. CCIR Document 11/745, p. 6 , Nov. 25, 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 19. Common image format is based on the definition of a common image structure that can be used in systems that have different frame rates or even different scanning methods. The common elements include picture aspect ratio, number of active lines, number of active pixels per line, colorimetry, and transfer characteristics. EXTERNAL
  • 2. In January 1993 , the ITU announced a general reorganization. In this new reorganization, the activities formerly concentrated within the CCIR were transferred for the most part to a new Radio Communications Bureau (RCB). EXTERNAL
  • 20. Common data rate — standards would be adopted with a common data rate shared by implementations with differing line and field rates but providing a maximum commonality in the other parameters, such as line frequency and sampling frequency, based on the principles of CCIR Rec. 601 (Encoding Parameters for Digital Television for Studios). Colorimetry and transfer characteristics would also be common. EXTERNAL
  • 21. A square sample distribution results when the sampling points are equispaced on the orthogonal horizontal-vertical lattice on a time-discrete image plane. EXTERNAL
  • 22. A square pixel has equal size in the horizontal and vertical dimensions . EXTERNAL
  • 23. CCIR Report 1217, “Future Develop-ment of HDTV,” pp. 1 – 2 , 1990 . EXTERNAL
  • 24. Krivocheev M. , “International Trends in HDTV,” 27th Electronic Industry Technical Conference, Tokyo, Japan, Oct. 5, 1990 . EXTERNAL
  • 25. Cappuccini F. Krivocheev M. , “An Outlook on HDTV Standardization,” Telettra Review , No. 45 , 1990 . EXTERNAL
  • 26. Nickelson R. , “HDTV Standards — Understanding the Issues,” ITU Telecommunication J. , 57 , 1990 . EXTERNAL
  • 27. Krivocheev M. , “Current CCIR Activities in HDTV,” Telecommunication J. , 58 : X , 1991 . EXTERNAL
  • 28. CCIR Document 11/290-E, “Preliminary Report of the Chairman of Study Group 11 to the Extraordinary Meeting of Study Group 11 on HDTV,” pp. 10 – 11 , Feb. 8, 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 29. Ninomiya , “Concept of the MUSE System and Its Protocol,” NHK Laboratory Note 348 , July 1987 . EXTERNAL
  • 3. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (U.N.) dealing with telecommunications. EXTERNAL
  • 30. Vreeswijk , “HD-MAC Coding of High Definition Television Signals” ( Philips Netherlands , France, U.K. ), IEE Conf. Publication No. 293 , International Broadcasting Convention, Brighton, U.K., 1988 . EXTERNAL
  • 31. CCIR Document 11/290-E, “Preliminary Report of the Chairman of Study Group 11 to the Extraordinary Meeting of Study Group 11 on HDTV,” pp. 5 – 7 , Feb. 8, 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 32. CCIR Document 11/122-E, “Report by the Chairman,” p. 3 , March 31, 1992 . EXTERNAL
  • 33. Krivocheev M. , “Preparation for the Extraordinary Meeting of Study Group 11—HDTV,” ITU Telecommunication J. , 56 : 205 , 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 34. CCIR Report 624–3 (Mod. F) “Chara-cteristics of Television Systems.” . EXTERNAL
  • 35. Krivocheev M. I. , Summary of International Standards Activities , NAB HDTV World Conference , Las Vegas, Nevada , pp. 5 – 7 , April 16, 1991 . EXTERNAL
  • 37. “Mark Krivocheev Suggests a New System to Deal with Different International Bandwidths,” Television (J. Royal Television Society) , p. 7 , April 1991 . EXTERNAL
  • 38. Krivocheev M. , “Television and Nothing but Television,” Cinema and Television Technology , Nos. 10 and 11, 1991 . EXTERNAL
  • 39. CCIR Document 11/122, “Report by the Chairman,” p. 3 , March 31, 1992 . EXTERNAL
  • 4. Study Group 11 is assigned responsibility for all aspects of television broadcasting, including conventional (i.e., NTSC, PAL, and SECAM) and enhanced systems, as well as the international exchange of all types of television programs. EXTERNAL
  • 40. CCIR Document 11–3/2, “Outline of Work for Task Group 11/3, Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting,” June 30, 1992 . EXTERNAL
  • 41. CCIR Document 11–2/TEMP/19, “Address to the Participants in the Meetings of Task Groups 11/1, 11/2, and 11/3,” Dec. 16, 1992 . EXTERNAL
  • 42. CCIR Document TG11–3/TEMP/16, “Prospects for a Common Worldwide Digital Terrestrial Television System,” Dec. 17, 1992 . EXTERNAL
  • 43. CCIR Document 11/716, “Summary Record of the Third Meeting,” p. 4 , Oct. 13, 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 44. CCIR Rec. 788, “Coding Rate for Virtually Transparent Studio Quality Wide-RF Band HDTV Emissions in the Broadcasting-Satellite Service.” . EXTERNAL
  • 45. CCIR Document 11/361-E, “Proposal for a New Study Program, Measurement in an HDTV Environment,” U.S.S.R. , May 11, 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 46. CCIR Document 11/22, “Design of a System of Stereoscopic Television,” May 21, 1958 . EXTERNAL
  • 47. CCIR Document 11/744, p. 3 , Nov. 28, 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 48. CCIR Report 312–5, “Constitution of a System of Stereoscopic Television,” 1990 . EXTERNAL
  • 49. Document 11/585, “Experimental Stereoscopic Television System Utilizing HDTV Equipment,” Japan, 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 5. CCIR Document 11/290-E, “Preliminary Report of the Chairman of Study Group 11 to the Extraordinary Meeting of Study Group 11 on HDTV,” p. 2 , Feb. 8, 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 50. Weissensteiner W. , “Concept of a Consumer-Type HD-MAC VCR,” IEE Conference Publication No. 293 , pp. 228 – 230 , International Broadcasting Convention , Brighton, U.K. , 1988 . EXTERNAL
  • 51. CCIR Document 11/728, “Working Group 11-A Chairman's Report to SG 11,” p. 2 , Oct. 23, 1991 . EXTERNAL
  • 52. CCIR Document 11/716, “Summary Record of the Third Meeting,” p. 2 , Oct. 20, 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 53. CCIR Report 801–3, “The Present State of High Definition Television,” p. 37 , June 1989 . EXTERNAL
  • 54. Ibid., p. 46 . EXTERNAL
  • 55. CCIR Document 11/1007 (Rev. 1)-E, “Basic Parameter Values for the HDTV Standard for the Studio and for International Program Exchange,” p. 3 , May 24, 1990 . EXTERNAL
  • 56. Ibid., p. 4 . EXTERNAL
  • 57. Ibid. EXTERNAL
  • 58. CCIR Report 801–4, “The Present State of High Definition Television,” 1990 . EXTERNAL
  • 59. CCIR Rec. 710, “Subjective Assess-ment Methods for Image Quality in High Definition Television,” 1990 . EXTERNAL
  • 6. CCIR Document 11/31-E, “Proposal for a New Study Program — High Definition Television,” March 17, 1972 . EXTERNAL
  • 60. Values b and j are as specified in Report 1216. As it may not be currently possible to achieve these conditions fully for tests, alternative values are given on an interim basis. It should be recognized, however, that the results of tests conducted under the interim conditions may not be, in general, comparable with those obtained in situations in which Report 1216 presentation objectives apply. EXTERNAL
  • 61. Peak luminance on the screen corresponding to the video signal with 100% amplitude. Values > 70 cd/m2 should be used until the specified level becomes technically feasible. EXTERNAL
  • 62. This item could be influenced by the room illumination as well as the contrast range of the display. EXTERNAL
  • 63. Black level corresponds to the video signal with 0% amplitude. EXTERNAL
  • 64. Room illumination should be set in order to make it possible to satisfy conditions c and e. EXTERNAL
  • 65. A minimum of 28° high by 48° wide is recommended. EXTERNAL
  • 66. Values ≥ 76.2 cm (30 in.) should be used if displays of the specified size are not available. EXTERNAL
  • 7. Corr. 1 to CCIR Doc. 11/31-E, July 7, 1972 . EXTERNAL
  • 8. CCIR Document 11/134-E, “Report by the Chairman of Study Group 11 (Broadcasting Service [Television]) to the Interim Meeting of Study Group 11,” pp. 1 – 2 , Oct. 5, 1987 . EXTERNAL
  • 9. CCIR Document 11/173, Nov. 1987 . EXTERNAL
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Mark I. Krivocheev and S. N. Baron; The First Twenty Years of HDTV: 1972–1992, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 102, Issue: 10, October 1993); SMPTE, 1993. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J15889
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Mark I. Krivocheev and S. N. Baron; The First Twenty Years of HDTV: 1972–1992, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 102, Issue: 10, October 1993); SMPTE, 1993. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J15889

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Mark I. Krivocheev and S. N. Baron; The First Twenty Years of HDTV: 1972–1992, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 102, Issue: 10, October 1993); SMPTE, 1993. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J15889
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<span class="citation">Mark I. Krivocheev and S. N. Baron; <cite>The First Twenty Years of HDTV: 1972–1992</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 102, Issue: 10, October 1993); SMPTE, 1993. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J15889" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J15889</a></span>

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Mark I. Krivocheev and S. N. Baron; The First Twenty Years of HDTV: 1972–1992, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 102, Issue: 10, October 1993); SMPTE, 1993
doi: 10.5594/J15889
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Mark I. Krivocheev and S. N. Baron; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j15889">The First Twenty Years of HDTV: 1972–1992</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 102, Issue: 10, October 1993); SMPTE, 1993
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