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Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 41, Issue: 10, October 1943)
[ACTIVE]

Some Characteristics of Ammonium Thiosulfate Fixing Baths

Metadata

Publisher
SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type
Journal Article
Content Type
Original Research
Abbreviated Title
J SMPE
Volume
41, No. 10, pp. 300–328
Abstract
A brief description of the history and nature of ammonium thiosulfate is given. Several practical formulas employing this agent are presented and their advantages discussed. Some of the differences in characteristics between the ammonium thiosulfate and sodium thiosulfate fixing baths are pointed out. An explanation is offered to account for the apparent discrepancies in the effects of concentration on clearing time reported by previous investigators. The speed of fixation of ammonium thiosulfate is shown to be greater than sodium or lithium thiosulfates and greater than mixtures of ammonium chloride and sodium thiosulfate.
Publication Date
1943-10-01
DOI
10.5594/J09809
ISSN
Print: 0097-5834
Link
https://doi.org/10.5594/J09809
Author(s)
Donald B. AlnuttResearch Laboratories, Mallinckrodt Chemical Works, St. Louis, Mo.
Copyright
© 1943 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

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  • 12 Klempt W. Brodkorb F. Erlbach H. : “Ammonium Thiosulfate,” Berichte Gessellschaft Kohlentechnik , 3 ( 1929–1931 ), p. 493 . EXTERNAL
  • 13 Crabtree J. I. Muehler L. E. Russell H. D. : “New Stop Bath and Fixing Bath Formulas and Methods for Their Revival,” J. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. , XXXVIII ( 1942 ), p. 353 . EXTERNAL
  • 14 Crabtree J. I. Hartt H. A. : “Some Properties of Fixing Baths,” Trans. SMPE , XIII ( 1929 ), p. 364 . EXTERNAL
  • 16 Muehler Lowell E. : “Liquid Hardener Solutions,” U. S. Patent No. 1,981,426. EXTERNAL
  • 16 Brubaker M. M. : “Photographic Fixing Compositions,” U. S. Patent 2,195,405. EXTERNAL
  • 17 Martin E. C. : “Sulfamic Acid, a New Industrial Chemical,” Ind. Eng. Chem. , 30 ( 1938 ), p. 627 . EXTERNAL
  • 18 Woosley D. P. Pankhurst K. G. A. : “The Use of Sodium Hydrogen Sulphate in Acid Hardening Fixing Baths,” Phot. J. , 82 ( 1942 ), p. 12 . EXTERNAL
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  • 2 Herschel John F. W. Sir : Brewster's Edinburgh Philosophical Journal ( 1819 ). EXTERNAL
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  • 22 Piper Welborne C. : “The Time of Fixation,” Brit. J. Phot. , 60 ( 1913 ), p. 59 . EXTERNAL
  • 23 Hanson W. T. Jr. : “The Fixing Process,” Am. Phot. , 36 , No. 3 (March, 1942 ), p. 22 . EXTERNAL
  • 24 Schramm Walter : “The Chemistry and Practice of the Fixing Process,” Brit. J. Phot. , 82 ( 1935 ), p. 360 . EXTERNAL
  • 25 Sheppard S. E. Mees C. E. K. : “Investigations on the Theory of the Photographic Process,” Longmans, Green and Co. , London , p. 123 . EXTERNAL
  • 26 Dawson G. A. : “Concentrated Solutions: A New Development in the Processing of X-Ray Films,” The X-Ray Tech. (July, 1941 ), p. 11 . EXTERNAL
  • 27 Russell H. D. Crabtree J. I. : “Reducing Action of Fixing Baths on the Silver Image,” J. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. , XVIII ( 1932 ), p. 371 . EXTERNAL
  • 28 Piper Welborne C : “Rapid Fixing Baths,” Brit. J. Phot. , 61 ( 1914 ), p. 193 . EXTERNAL
  • 29 Lumière A. Lumière L. Seyewetz A. : “The Exhaustion Limits of Fixing Baths,” Z. Wiss. Phot. , 5 ( 1907 ), p. 317 . EXTERNAL
  • 3 Spiller John : British Journal of Photography (June 15, 1866 ), p. 284 . EXTERNAL
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  • 5 Labarre : Photographisches Archiv 374 ( 1892 ). EXTERNAL
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  • 9 Baines H. : “Chemistry of Fixation,” Phot. J. , 69 ( 1929 ), p. 314 . EXTERNAL
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Donald B. Alnutt; Some Characteristics of Ammonium Thiosulfate Fixing Baths, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 41, Issue: 10, October 1943); SMPTE, 1943. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J09809
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Donald B. Alnutt; Some Characteristics of Ammonium Thiosulfate Fixing Baths, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 41, Issue: 10, October 1943); SMPTE, 1943. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J09809

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Donald B. Alnutt; Some Characteristics of Ammonium Thiosulfate Fixing Baths, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 41, Issue: 10, October 1943); SMPTE, 1943. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J09809
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<span class="citation">Donald B. Alnutt; <cite>Some Characteristics of Ammonium Thiosulfate Fixing Baths</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 41, Issue: 10, October 1943); SMPTE, 1943. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J09809" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J09809</a></span>

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Donald B. Alnutt; Some Characteristics of Ammonium Thiosulfate Fixing Baths, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 41, Issue: 10, October 1943); SMPTE, 1943
doi: 10.5594/J09809
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/J09809
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<li>
Donald B. Alnutt; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j09809">Some Characteristics of Ammonium Thiosulfate Fixing Baths</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 41, Issue: 10, October 1943); SMPTE, 1943
<span class="doi">10.5594/J09809</span>
</li>