Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 42, Issue: 5, May 1944)

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A Simplified Variable-Density Sound Negative Developer

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Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPE
Volume: 42, No. 5, pp. 315–324
Abstract: A variable-density sound negative developer composed of Metol, borax, and sulfite is described. That such a sound negative developer is possible, is shown by a preliminary survey of the literature pertaining to hydroquinone-Metol activity at low pH values. In a developer so constituted and coupled with an adequate replenisher system, the oxidation factor is practically negligible and results in a stable pH value which in turn permits the elimination of the usual buffering agents. The value of such a developer is that it permits greater simplicity of chemical control and results in some economy. Sensitometric data obtained from the operation of this developer show a negative H and D characteristic of maximum linear latitude, and normal printing characteristics. Gamma-density relationship is very stable during continuous negative developing runs, thus making possible quantity production of sound negatives of uniform density.
Publication Date: 1944-05-01
DOI: 10.5594/J08447
ISSN: Print: 0097-5834
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J08447
Author(s): Paul Zeff
S. J. TwiningColumbia Pictures Corporation, Hollywood
Copyright: © 1944 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

1. Reinders Beuckers : “Bericht über den VIII Internationalen Kongress” ( 1931 ), p. 171 . EXTERNAL
2. Lehmann Tausch : “Photographische Korrespondenz,” , 71 , No. 2 (Feb., 1935 ), p. 17 . EXTERNAL
3. Crabtree J. I. Schwingel C. H. : “Effect of Aeration on the Photographic Properties of Developers,” J. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. , XXXIV (Apr., 1940 ), p. 375 . EXTERNAL
4. Lehmann Tausch : Ibid. . EXTERNAL
5. Frayne J. G. : “The Measurement of Photographic Printing Density,” J. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. , XXXVI (June, 1941 ), p. 622 . EXTERNAL
6. Atkinson R. B. Shaner V. C. : “Chemical Analysis of Photographic Developers and Fixing Baths,” J. Soc. Mot. Pict. Eng. , XXXIV (May, 1940 ), p. 485 . EXTERNAL
7. Frayne : Ibid. . EXTERNAL

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Paul Zeff and S. J. Twining; A Simplified Variable-Density Sound Negative Developer, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 42, Issue: 5, May 1944); SMPTE, 1944. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J08447

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Paul Zeff and S. J. Twining; A Simplified Variable-Density Sound Negative Developer, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 42, Issue: 5, May 1944); SMPTE, 1944. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J08447

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<span class="citation">Paul Zeff and S. J. Twining; <cite>A Simplified Variable-Density Sound Negative Developer</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 42, Issue: 5, May 1944); SMPTE, 1944. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J08447" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J08447</a></span>

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<li>
Paul Zeff and S. J. Twining; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j08447">A Simplified Variable-Density Sound Negative Developer</cite>, Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 42, Issue: 5, May 1944); SMPTE, 1944
<span class="doi">10.5594/J08447</span>
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