The Spectral Reflectances of Hair, Skin, Wigs and Beards in the Visible and near Infrared and their Influence on PICTUREPHONE® Image Quality

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPTE
Volume: 82, No. 10, pp. 825–829
Abstract: Experiments are described which isolate the causes for excessive “five o'clock shadow” and dark synthetic wigs which appear blond when viewed on present Bell System visual telephone (PICTUREPHONE®) station sets. Experimental data on the spectral reflectance of hair, skin, synthetic wigs and shaven male beards, as taken from the existing literature and from measurements in our laboratory, are presented in order to explain these effects. An optical filter is suggested which corrects both the shadow and wig problems simultaneously, but at the expense of camera sensitivity.
Publication Date: 1973-10-01
DOI: 10.5594/J08139
ISSN: Print: 0361-4573
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J08139
Author(s): P. M. TannenbaumBell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., Holmdel, NJ 07733
Copyright: © 1973 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

1. Fuchs J. Katz M. J. Torok G. P. , “Answering the PICTUREPHONE®,” Lighting Design and Applic. , 3 : 55 ( 1973 ). EXTERNAL
2. Edwards E. A. Duntley S. Q. , “The Pigments and Color of laving Human Skin,” The Amer. Jour. of Anat. , 45 : 1 ( 1939 ). EXTERNAL
3. Buck G. B. Froelich N. C. , “Color characteristics of human complexions,” Ilium. Eng. , 43 : 27 – 49 ( 1948 ). EXTERNAL
4. MacAdam D. L. , “Reproduction of colors in outdoor scenes,” Proc. IRE , 42 : 166 ( 1954 ). EXTERNAL
5. Clark C. Vinegar R. Hardy J. D. , “Goniometric spectrometer for the measurement of diffuse reflectance and transmittance of skin in the infrared spectral region,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. , 43 : 993 ( 1953 ). EXTERNAL
6. Hardy J. D. Hammel H. T. Murgatroyd D. , “Spectral transmittance and reflectance of excised human skin,” Jour. Appl. Physiol. , 9 : 257 ( 1965 ). EXTERNAL
7. Gardner B. B. MacAdam D. L. , “Colorimetric analysis of hair color,” Am. Jour. of Phys. Anthropol , 19 : 187 ( 1934 ). EXTERNAL
8. Cornsweet T. N. , Visual Perception , Academic Press, Inc. Chaps. 11, 12 , 1970 , New York . EXTERNAL
9. DeMarsh L. E. , Color Reproduction in Color Television , Inter-Society Color Council Proceedings 1971 . ( Graphic Arts Research Center-Publisher , Rochester, N.Y. , 1971) p. 73 . EXTERNAL

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P. M. Tannenbaum; The Spectral Reflectances of Hair, Skin, Wigs and Beards in the Visible and near Infrared and their Influence on PICTUREPHONE® Image Quality, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 82, Issue: 10, October 1973); SMPTE, 1973. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J08139

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P. M. Tannenbaum; The Spectral Reflectances of Hair, Skin, Wigs and Beards in the Visible and near Infrared and their Influence on PICTUREPHONE® Image Quality, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 82, Issue: 10, October 1973); SMPTE, 1973. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J08139

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<span class="citation">P. M. Tannenbaum; <cite>The Spectral Reflectances of Hair, Skin, Wigs and Beards in the Visible and near Infrared and their Influence on PICTUREPHONE® Image Quality</cite>, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 82, Issue: 10, October 1973); SMPTE, 1973. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J08139" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J08139</a></span>

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<li>
P. M. Tannenbaum; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j08139">The Spectral Reflectances of Hair, Skin, Wigs and Beards in the Visible and near Infrared and their Influence on PICTUREPHONE® Image Quality</cite>, Journal of the SMPTE ( Volume: 82, Issue: 10, October 1973); SMPTE, 1973
<span class="doi">10.5594/J08139</span>
</li>