Closed Captioning in Real Time

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE
Doc Type: Journal Article
Article Type: research-article
Abstract: The line-21 captioning system was developed in the 1970s as a means of delivering hidden subtitles (closed captions) to hearing-impaired television viewers. A more recent development is the ability to generate captions in “real time” during live broadcasts, using experienced court reporters and a computer-aided translation system that converts shorthand code into captions almost instantaneously. More than 70 hours of nationally broadcast programming are captioned weekly with this technology. This article describes the creation and broadcast of captions in real time, including equipment, staffing, and procedures.
Publication Date: 1991-06-01
DOI: 10.5594/J01672
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J01672
Author(s): Marc Okrand

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Marc Okrand; Closed Captioning in Real Time, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 100, Issue: 6, June 1991); SMPTE, 1991. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J01672

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Marc Okrand; Closed Captioning in Real Time, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 100, Issue: 6, June 1991); SMPTE, 1991. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J01672

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Marc Okrand; Closed Captioning in Real Time, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 100, Issue: 6, June 1991); SMPTE, 1991. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J01672

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<span class="citation">Marc Okrand; <cite>Closed Captioning in Real Time</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 100, Issue: 6, June 1991); SMPTE, 1991. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J01672" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J01672</a></span>

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Marc Okrand; Closed Captioning in Real Time, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 100, Issue: 6, June 1991); SMPTE, 1991
doi: 10.5594/J01672
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/J01672

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Marc Okrand; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j01672">Closed Captioning in Real Time</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 100, Issue: 6, June 1991); SMPTE, 1991
<span class="doi">10.5594/J01672</span>
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