Challenges to the Concept of Cancellation

Metadata

Publisher: SMPTE — White Plains, NY, USA
Doc Type: Journal Article
Content Type: Original Research
Abbreviated Title: J SMPTE
Volume: 90, No. 12, pp. 1173–1183
Abstract: If motion picture film were perforated to ideal dimensions with no tolerance, and film equipment could position and reposition film without variability, the concept of cancellation of film dimensional variables would be academic. Neither of these conditions existed in the early history of motion picture technology, nor do they exist today. Early motion picture films had significant dimensional variability, and the concepts of cancellation of these variables were well understood although relatively undocumented. Shifts to narrower-gauge formats mandated cancellation concepts, and through their use satisfactory steadiness was and is achieved with super 8 and 16-mm films. Improvements in film structure and perforating quality allowed some departures from fundamental rules, but recent advances in printing technology to solve quality problems and improve productivity challenge the fundamental concepts of image positioning. The potential expanded use of commercial “blow ups” of 16-mm originals for entertainment programming again mandates a thorough understanding of basic image positioning and repositioning concepts. This paper reviews the fundamentals of film perforating and image positioning, and the demands that film dimensional characteristics place on motion picture hardware. In so doing, the objective is to stress the fundamental characteristics of cancellation and how they apply to modern image-capturing, printing, and presentation technology, especially stressing the need for the fundamental concepts to be applied to 16-mm special effects and blow-ups.
Publication Date: 1981-12-01
DOI: 10.5594/J00375
ISSN: Print: 0036-1682
Link: https://doi.org/10.5594/J00375
Author(s): Roland J. ZavadaTechnical Associate of Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N.Y. Mr. Zavada is also Engineering Vice-President for the SMPTE.
Copyright: © 1981 Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.

Bibliographic Reference(s)

A Translation: New Investigations on Picture Steadiness of Motion Pictures in Projection [Active]
Perceptibility of Vertical Unsteadiness in Television Display of Motion-Picture Films [Active]
1. Robertson A. C. , “Demonstration of the Principle of Cancellation,” given before the 86th Convention of SMPTE in New York, October, 1959 . (Not published). EXTERNAL
3. Wright D. T. Sanders J. R. (C. B. B. Wood, presenter), “16-mm Film: Image Steadiness in Television Presentation,” BKSTS J. , October/November 1971 , pp. 360 and 396; SMPTE J., 80, October 1971, pp. 812 – 818 . EXTERNAL
5. Mitchell George , private communication. EXTERNAL
6. Stull William , “Bell & Howell's First Professional 16-mm System,” American Cinematographer , April 1941 , pp. 170 , 171 , 192 . EXTERNAL

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Roland J. Zavada; Challenges to the Concept of Cancellation, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 90, Issue: 12, December 1981); SMPTE, 1981. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J00375

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Roland J. Zavada; Challenges to the Concept of Cancellation, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 90, Issue: 12, December 1981); SMPTE, 1981. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J00375

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Roland J. Zavada; Challenges to the Concept of Cancellation, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 90, Issue: 12, December 1981); SMPTE, 1981. Available at https://doi.org/10.5594/J00375

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<span class="citation">Roland J. Zavada; <cite>Challenges to the Concept of Cancellation</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 90, Issue: 12, December 1981); SMPTE, 1981. Available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5594/J00375" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5594/J00375</a></span>

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Roland J. Zavada; Challenges to the Concept of Cancellation, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 90, Issue: 12, December 1981); SMPTE, 1981
doi: 10.5594/J00375
url: https://doi.org/10.5594/J00375

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Roland J. Zavada; <cite id="bib-10-5594-j00375">Challenges to the Concept of Cancellation</cite>, SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 90, Issue: 12, December 1981); SMPTE, 1981
<span class="doi">10.5594/J00375</span>
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Referenced By

Motion Pictures [Active]
Major Motion-Picture Production Standards [Active]