{
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  "docId": "RFC9787",
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    "abstract": "End-to-end cryptographic protections for email messages can provide useful security. However, the standards for providing cryptographic protection are extremely flexible. That flexibility can trap users and cause surprising failures. This document offers guidance for Mail User Agent (MUA) implementers to help mitigate those risks and to make end-to-end email simple and secure for the end user. It provides a useful set of vocabulary as well as recommendations to avoid common failures. It also identifies a number of currently unsolved usability and interoperability problems.",
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    "authors": [
      {
        "name": "Daniel Kahn Gillmor"
      },
      {
        "name": "Alexey Melnikov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Bernie Hoeneisen"
      }
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      "confidence": "high",
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      "source": "parsed",
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      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from RFC number or Datatracker identifier",
      "originalValue": null,
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      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
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      "confidence": "high",
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      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
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    "docNumber": "9787",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "From the RFC index entry (rfc-index.xml <doc-id>)",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
    },
    "docTitle": "Guidance on End-to-End Email Security",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML title",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Mapped from Datatracker std_level or RFC status text",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
    },
    "doi": "10.17487/RFC9787",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML doi",
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      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.17487/RFC9787",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI (https://doi.org/<doi>)",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
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    "keywords": [
      "Cryptography",
      "Encryption",
      "Signature",
      "Usability",
      "MIME",
      "Confidentiality",
      "Integrity",
      "Authenticity"
    ],
    "keywords$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML keywords",
      "originalValue": [
        "Cryptography",
        "Encryption",
        "Signature",
        "Signing",
        "Usability",
        "MIME",
        "Confidentiality",
        "Integrity",
        "Authenticity"
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      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
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      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:301bfdf288d8"
    },
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML page-count",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
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    "publicationDate": "2025-08-01",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML date",
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      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
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    },
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Static: provider",
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      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
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      "bibliographic": [
        "IETF.draft-woodhouse-cert-best-practice-01",
        "IETF.draft-dkg-mail-cleartext-copy-01",
        "W3C.CRD-mixed-content.20230223",
        "IETF.draft-wussler-openpgp-forwarding-00",
        "ISBN.9780471117094",
        "RFC1939",
        "RFC2045",
        "RFC3207",
        "RFC3274",
        "RFC3370",
        "RFC4511",
        "RFC5322",
        "RFC6376",
        "RFC6409",
        "RFC6532",
        "RFC7292",
        "RFC7435",
        "RFC7929",
        "RFC8162",
        "RFC8621",
        "RFC8823",
        "RFC9051",
        "RFC9216",
        "RFC9219",
        "RFC9580",
        "IETF.draft-ietf-jmap-smime-sender-extensions-04",
        "W3C.sri.20160623",
        "IETF.draft-koch-openpgp-webkey-service-20",
        "orphan/RFC9787/h:0241bc8e",
        "orphan/RFC9787/h:c1e39b9c",
        "orphan/RFC9787/h:175892e4",
        "orphan/RFC9787/h:c51aee93",
        "orphan/RFC9787/h:fdfb5921",
        "orphan/RFC9787/h:62cba9cf",
        "orphan/RFC9787/h:ea8b06e3",
        "orphan/RFC9787/h:56171272"
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      "bibliographic$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from RFC HTML references/informative sections",
        "originalValue": [],
        "source": "parsed",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
        "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.566Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
      },
      "normative": [
        "RFC2119",
        "RFC3156",
        "RFC4289",
        "RFC5890",
        "RFC8174",
        "RFC8551",
        "RFC9598",
        "RFC9788"
      ],
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from RFC HTML normative references sections",
        "originalValue": [],
        "source": "parsed",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
        "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.566Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
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    "resolvedHref": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Final URL resolved via URL redirect verification",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
      "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.565Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
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    "status": {
      "active": true,
      "active$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from supersession relationship fields",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "resolved",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
        "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.566Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
      },
      "errataExist": false,
      "errataExist$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from presence of errata links on RFC/Datatracker pages",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "parsed",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
        "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.566Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
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      "latestVersion": true,
      "latestVersion$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from supersession relationship fields",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "resolved",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
        "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.566Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
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      "statusNote": "Informational",
      "statusNote$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Mapped from Datatracker doc.json std_level",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "parsed",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
        "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.566Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
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      "superseded": false,
      "superseded$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from supersession relationship fields",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "resolved",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc9787/",
        "updated": "2026-10-20T21:48:00.566Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:92f3ced618ff"
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}