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    "abstract": "This memo describes security threats for the larger (intra-domain or inter-domain) multicast routing infrastructures. Only Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) is analyzed, in its three main operational modes: the traditional Any-Source Multicast (ASM) model, the source-specific multicast (SSM) model, and the ASM model enhanced by the Embedded Rendezvous Point (Embedded-RP) group-to-RP mapping mechanism. This memo also describes enhancements to the protocol operations that mitigate the identified threats. This memo provides information for the Internet community.",
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    "authors": [
      {
        "name": "Pekka Savola"
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        "name": "Rami Lehtonen"
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      {
        "name": "David Meyer"
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      "confidence": "high",
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        "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:26.178Z",
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        "confidence": "high",
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        "source": "resolved",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4609/",
        "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:26.178Z",
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