{
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    "abstract": "Tunneling techniques such as IP-in-IP when deployed in the middle of the network, typically between routers, have certain issues regarding how large packets can be handled: whether such packets would be fragmented and reassembled (and how), whether Path MTU Discovery would be used, or how this scenario could be operationally avoided. This memo justifies why this is a common, non-trivial problem, and goes on to describe the different solutions and their characteristics at some length. This memo provides information for the Internet community.",
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    "authors": [
      {
        "name": "Pekka Savola"
      }
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from Datatracker doc page article:author (profile full names)",
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      "confidence": "high",
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      "originalValue": null,
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      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Constructed from provider and document identifier",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
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      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
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    "docNumber": "4459",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC info page report metadata",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
    },
    "docTitle": "MTU and Fragmentation Issues with In-the-Network Tunneling",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML title",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
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    "docType": "Informational",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Mapped from Datatracker std_level or RFC status text",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
    },
    "doi": "10.17487/RFC4459",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML doi",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
    },
    "href": "https://doi.org/10.17487/RFC4459",
    "href$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI (https://doi.org/<doi>)",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
    },
    "pages": "14",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML page-count",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
    },
    "publicationDate": "2006-04-01",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML date",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
    },
    "publisher": "IETF",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Static: provider",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
    },
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        "RFC2516",
        "RFC1858",
        "RFC3128",
        "orphan/RFC4459/h:aa01e064",
        "orphan/RFC4459/h:880b4a4f",
        "orphan/RFC4459/h:77fb8c62",
        "orphan/RFC4459/h:52e5eba2"
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      "bibliographic$meta": {
        "confidence": "medium",
        "flag": "MIXED_REF_LAYOUT_RISK anchored=16 proseBlocks=20 skippedAnchorBlocks=18",
        "note": "Parsed from RFC HTML references/informative sections",
        "originalValue": [],
        "reviewRequired": true,
        "source": "parsed",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
        "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
      },
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        "RFC2003",
        "RFC4213",
        "RFC2473",
        "RFC2784",
        "RFC3931",
        "RFC4301",
        "RFC1191",
        "RFC1981",
        "RFC1122",
        "RFC2460"
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      "normative$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from RFC HTML normative references sections",
        "originalValue": [],
        "source": "parsed",
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        "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
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    "resolvedHref": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Final URL resolved via URL redirect verification",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
      "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
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      "active": true,
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from supersession relationship fields",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "resolved",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
        "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from presence of errata links on RFC/Datatracker pages",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "parsed",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
        "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
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      "latestVersion": true,
      "latestVersion$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from supersession relationship fields",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "resolved",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
        "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
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      "statusNote": "Informational",
      "statusNote$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Mapped from Datatracker doc.json std_level",
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        "source": "parsed",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
        "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
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      "superseded": false,
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from supersession relationship fields",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "resolved",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4459/",
        "updated": "2026-10-16T15:46:12.085Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:e0fe4a71cd26"
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}