{
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  "docId": "RFC4185",
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    "abstract": "In the context of work on internationalizing the Domain Name System (DNS), there have been extensive discussions about \"multilingual\" or \"internationalized\" top level domain names (TLDs), especially for countries whose predominant language is not written in a Roman-based script. This document reviews some of the motivations for such domains, several suggestions that have been made to provide needed functionality, and the constraints that the DNS imposes. It then suggests an alternative, local translation, that may solve a superset of the problem while avoiding protocol changes, serious deployment delays, and other difficulties. The suggestion utilizes a localization technique in applications to permit any TLD to be accessed using the vocabulary and characters of any language. It is not restricted to language- or country-specific \"multilingual\" TLDs in the language(s) and script(s) of that country. This memo provides information for the Internet community.",
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      "confidence": "high",
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      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
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    "authors": [
      {
        "name": "Dr. John C. Klensin"
      }
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from Datatracker doc page article:author (profile full names)",
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      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
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    "docId": "RFC4185",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from RFC number or Datatracker identifier",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
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    "docLabel": "IETF RFC 4185",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Constructed from provider and document identifier",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
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    "docNumber": "4185",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC info page report metadata",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
    },
    "docTitle": "National and Local Characters for DNS Top Level Domain (TLD) Names",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML title",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
    },
    "docType": "Informational",
    "docType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Mapped from Datatracker std_level or RFC status text",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
    },
    "doi": "10.17487/RFC4185",
    "doi$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML doi",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
    },
    "href": "https://doi.org/10.17487/RFC4185",
    "href$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI (https://doi.org/<doi>)",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
    },
    "keywords": [
      "DNS",
      "Multilingual",
      "Internationalization"
    ],
    "keywords$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML keywords",
      "originalValue": [
        "DNS",
        "Multilingual",
        "Internationalized",
        "Local Translation"
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      "overridden": true,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:58:51.856Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:8ad844f404e0"
    },
    "pages": "19",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML page-count",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
    },
    "publicationDate": "2005-10-01",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from RFC index XML date",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
    },
    "publisher": "IETF",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Static: provider",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
    },
    "references": {
      "bibliographic": [
        "ISO.10646-1.1993",
        "ISO.3166-1.1977",
        "RFC1341",
        "RFC1034",
        "RFC1035",
        "RFC1123",
        "RFC1480",
        "RFC1591",
        "RFC2672",
        "RFC3454",
        "RFC3467",
        "RFC3490",
        "RFC3491",
        "RFC3492",
        "RFC3696",
        "RFC3932",
        "RFC3987",
        "RFC4033",
        "RFC4034",
        "RFC4035",
        "RFC2045",
        "RFC1342",
        "RFC2047"
      ],
      "bibliographic$meta": {
        "confidence": "medium",
        "flag": "MIXED_REF_LAYOUT_RISK anchored=20 proseBlocks=23 skippedAnchorBlocks=21",
        "note": "Parsed from RFC HTML references/informative sections",
        "originalValue": [],
        "reviewRequired": true,
        "source": "parsed",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
        "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
      }
    },
    "resolvedHref": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
    "resolvedHref$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Final URL resolved via URL redirect verification",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
      "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
      "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from supersession relationship fields",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "resolved",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
        "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
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      "errataExist": false,
      "errataExist$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from presence of errata links on RFC/Datatracker pages",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "parsed",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
        "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
      },
      "latestVersion": true,
      "latestVersion$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from supersession relationship fields",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "resolved",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
        "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
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      "statusNote": "Informational",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Mapped from Datatracker doc.json std_level",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "parsed",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
        "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
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      "superseded": false,
      "superseded$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Derived from supersession relationship fields",
        "originalValue": null,
        "source": "resolved",
        "sourceUrl": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4185/",
        "updated": "2026-10-13T18:21:23.780Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:6d30695438dd"
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}