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  "docId": "10.5594-j18432",
  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J",
    "abbrevTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "abstract": "This paper presents an empirical study of the differences between level normalization of programs using the two dominant methods: loudness normalization and speech (“dialog”) normalization. Instead of adding to the continuing debate of the subjective merits of one method over the other, important technical aspects are examined here. The difference in normalization level between the two measures was up to 14 dB. For all films and programs, the loudness method provided the greatest headroom. All programs and a majority of the films could be broadcast at a fixed target level of −24 LKFS (loudness, K-weighted, relative to full scale) without dynamics processing. When it was speech normalized, not a single film could be broadcast at that target level without applying dynamics processing. The study furthermore found a systematic difference between manual speech measurement and automatic speech measurement. Uncertainties in classification, definition, and measurement are described and compared to the requirements for precision in the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) and the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) loudness-based standards.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "articleType": "orig-research",
    "articleType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "authors": [
      "Thomas Lund",
      "Esben Skovenborg"
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "copyright": {
      "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
      },
      "year": "2014",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
      }
    },
    "copyright$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "docId": "10.5594-j18432",
    "docId$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/j18432",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 123, Issue: 5, July 2014)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Composed from journal title, volume, issue and date",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "docTitle": "Loudness vs. Speech Normalization in Broadcast",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "docType": "Journal Article",
    "docType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "journal_metadata XML — SMPTE journal paper",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "doi": "10.5594/j18432",
    "doi$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/j18432",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/j18432",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "issn": {
      "print": "1545-0279",
      "print$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
      }
    },
    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "number": "5",
    "number$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "pages": "44–51",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "publicationDate": "2014-07-01",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Day absent in source — padded to 01",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "publisher": "SMPTE",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from publisher-name (SMPTE)",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
      "city$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
      },
      "country": "USA",
      "country$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
      }
    },
    "publisherLocation$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "status": {
      "active": true,
      "active$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Mapped from article_status=\"active\"",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
      }
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    "volume": "123",
    "volume$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_123_5/MIJR15Vol123No5.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T23:54:08.922Z",
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