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    "abstract": "The world's first metal tape for the M-II system was introduced by Fuji Photo Film in 1985. The main concepts for the breakthroughs were, 1) the use of a polymer binder possessing high affinity with the pigment to prevent its aerial oxidation which would lead to demagnetization, and 2) the optimization of the molecular structure of the binder to minimize the transfer of organic matters to the head, and to control the solubility of the lubricants in the binder. The binder polymer also enabled the uniform dispersion of the fine pigment grains to give highly smooth surface of the magnetic layer.",
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      {
        "affiliation": "Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Odawara, Kanagawa-ken, Japan",
        "bio": "Masaaki Fujiyama was born in 1937. After graduation from Numazu Technical High School, Japan, he joined Fuji Film and since then he has been the key member in the development of many outstanding products including SHG, SXG, and 8mm metal tape. In 1984 he was awarded The Chemical Society of Japan Award for Technical Development for the development of the SHG videotape. Present position: Senior Research Staff of Magnetic Research Laboratories, Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.",
        "name": "Masaaki Fujiyama"
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      {
        "affiliation": "Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Odawara, Kanagawa-ken, Japan",
        "bio": "Shigeo Komine, born in 1945, received his master's degree in the field of synthetic and mechanistic polymer chemistry at The University of Gumma, Japan. At Fuji Film, his experience ranges from floppy disk to metal videotape. He was the leader in the development of video floppy disk for the TV-photo system. Present position: Senior Research Staff of Magnetic Recording Research Laboratories, Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.",
        "name": "Shigeo Komine"
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      {
        "affiliation": "Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Odawara, Kanagawa-ken, Japan",
        "bio": "Koshu Kurokawa, born in 1940. After graduation from The University of Electro-Communications, Japan, he joined Fuji Film, and since then he has been working in videotape evaluation technology. Present position: Senior Technical Manager of Magnetic Products Division, Fuji Photo Film U.S.A., Inc.",
        "name": "Koshu Kurokawa"
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    "docTitle": "High Performance Half-Inch Metal Tape for M-II Videocassettes",
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    "number": "31",
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