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    "abstract": "With the inception of broadcast equipments incorporating bit-rate reduction techniques, concern is being voiced by some broadcasters on the cumulative effects of cascading compression codecs of different types. Compression can now be found in all parts of the broadcast chain from acquisition, contribution, processing, recording and distribution. Subjective viewing can give an overall assessment of perceived picture quality but may not indicate the quantitative levels of distortion that could later affect post processing, or the susceptibility to gross errors if the signal is subsequently passed through further compression.",
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