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    "abstract": "In this paper we describe a subjective test we have performed with 60 viewers over the age of 18 and 570 young students, the majority being 10 or 11 years old, to understand the relative annoyance caused by various transmission impairments when viewing television content. We wanted to compare errors associated with broadcast and multicast delivery which appear as areas of extreme color or tearing of the image, with errors associated with Adaptive Bit Rate unicast, such as interruptions and quality variations. We also wanted to study the impact of the type of screen the content is viewed on, considering viewing on tablets and on a TV. We have found a significant level of consistency over all of the results we have collected. Interruptions were the most annoying impairment, with multiple short interruptions being more annoying than a single longer one, and with missing content being more annoying than simply pausing. We found more tolerance to quality variation on tablets, and found that younger adults are more annoyed by impairments on tablets and older adults more annoyed when watching on the TV. We have found the young students to have similar views to the adults, and have found them to be capable of participating in subjective tests.",
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    "authors": [
      {
        "affiliation": "British Telecommunications plc, UK",
        "name": "Brahim Allan"
      },
      {
        "affiliation": "British Telecommunications plc, UK",
        "name": "Mike Nilsson"
      },
      {
        "affiliation": "British Telecommunications plc, UK",
        "name": "Ian Kegel"
      }
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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      "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.",
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        "confidence": "high",
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        "source": "parsed",
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        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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      "year": "2018",
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        "confidence": "high",
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Conference Repository/Conference Papers/2018/8609866/8609867/08610046.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docId": "10.5594-M001847",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Conference Repository/Conference Papers/2018/8609866/8609867/08610046.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docLabel": "SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 2018)",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Conference Repository/Conference Papers/2018/8609866/8609867/08610046.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docTitle": "A Subjective Comparison of Broadcast and Unicast Transmission Impairments",
    "docTitle$meta": {
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    "docType": "Conference Paper",
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    "doi": "10.5594/M001847",
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/M001847",
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    "isbn": {
      "print": "978-1-61482-960-7",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Conference Repository/Conference Papers/2018/8609866/8609867/08610046.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "journalTitle": "SMPTE 2018 Annual Technical Conference & Exhibition",
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    "keywords": [
      "Video Signal Processing",
      "HDTV",
      "Subjective Quality Assessment",
      "QoE"
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Conference Repository/Conference Papers/2018/8609866/8609867/08610046.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "pages": "1–20",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "publicationDate": "2018-10-22",
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      "city": "White Plains, NY",
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      "country": "USA",
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        "note": "References parsed from the published PDF (Conference Repository/Conference Papers/2018/8609866/8609867/08610046.pdf). SMPTE's library delivery has no reference file or full text for this paper (src/main/reports/smpte-upstream/referenceFilesTruthTable.md). Cross-check: Crossref lists 6 reference(s) for this DOI; 6 parsed from the PDF.",
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