{ "$schema": "/api/schemas/documents.schema.json", "apiVersion": "1.0.0", "generatedAt": "2026-07-09T21:16:49.031Z", "sourcePath": "src/main/data/docs", "docId": "10.5594-M00135", "document": { "abstract": "In this paper, I will discuss my experiences as Digital Composite Supervisor for Digital Domain on the motion picture, Apollo 13. During the production of Apollo 13, it was my responsibility to maintain the look of the principal photography, practical effects elements, and computer generated (CG) elements throughout the digital process. Much of our work involved studying all available NASA footage. Everything was re-created from scratch. Not a single frame of NASA motion picture footage was used in our composites. We analyzed various phenomena that occurred in the NASA films, and made our work match it as closely as possible. Motion controlled model photography of the spacecraft was integrated with live action photography, digital paintings, and practical effects. Computer generated elements such as ice, condensation gas, vapor, engine blast, explosions and debris were synthetically created to complete the illusion. Camera shake was added to the shots using a special program that maintained natural motion blur between frames. The resulting composites had the look and feel of the NASA documentary films that we all remember. Yet, the superior image quality, unique camera angles, and continuity of lighting gave our footage the added drama necessary to re-create some of the most exciting and harrowing moments of the flight of Apollo 13.", "abstract$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "authors": [ { "affiliation": "Digital Domain Venice, Calif.", "name": "Michael Kanfer" } ], "authors$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Object form (schema 2.3.0) migrated from string form via migrateAuthorsToObjectForm.js; bio/affiliation backfilled from _source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ NLM ++", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-06-23T00:04:25.562Z", "version": "authors-migrate-object-form@v1" }, "contentType": "orig-research", "contentType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Canonical-confirmed full paper (summary-abstract set is orig-research in the SMPTE canonical repos); HIGHWIRE-era abstract label was a delivery artifact", "originalValue": "summary-abstract", "source": "resolved", "updated": "2026-07-09T19:12:47.628Z", "version": "contenttype-fixes@v1" }, "copyright": { "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.", "holder$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "year": "1996", "year$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } }, "copyright$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docId": "10.5594-M00135", "docId$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/M00135", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docLabel": "SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( October 1996)", "docLabel$meta": { "confidence": "medium", "note": "Composed from venue title, volume/issue and date", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docTitle": "Contemporary Techniques for Digital Compositing in Motion Pictures", "docTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docType": "Conference Paper", "docType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "NLM
— SMPTE conference paper", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "doi": "10.5594/M00135", "doi$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/M00135", "href$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/M00135", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "number": "15", "number$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "pages": "1–6", "pages$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "publicationDate": "1996-10-01", "publicationDate$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "publisher": "SMPTE", "publisher$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "publisherLocation": { "city": "White Plains, NY", "city$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } }, "publisherLocation$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "resolvedHref": "https://journal.smpte.org/conferences/138th%20SMPTE%20Technical%20Conference%20Technical%20Papers%20Program/43/", "resolvedHref$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Backfilled from url.validate report #resolvedHref", "originalValue": null, "source": "resolved", "updated": "2026-06-19T20:59:07.438Z" }, "status": { "active": true, "active$meta": { "confidence": "medium", "note": "No explicit status in NLM source — conference papers default active", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } }, "volume": "1996", "volume$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M00135.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } } }