{ "$schema": "/api/schemas/documents.schema.json", "apiVersion": "1.0.0", "generatedAt": "2026-07-09T21:16:49.031Z", "sourcePath": "src/main/data/docs", "docId": "10.5594-M001282", "document": { "abstract": "We aim at modeling conditional access in any television environment (terrestrial broadcasting, cable and satellite). After defining the subject by saying what conditional access is, two models are presented. They correspond to two different systems, wide-spread in Europe: The first model distributes control words. It is illustrated by “Discret 1”, a proprietary system used by about 3 500 000 subscribers of Canal-Plus in France. The second model distributes authorizations. It is illustrated by “Eurocrypt”, an open system used by about 800 000 receivers throughout Europe: Filmnet and Kinnevik (600 000), Canal-Plus (60 000), France Telecom (50 000), Polycom, Maxat, KabelKanal,… The emergence of digital signals technically facilitates the design of open systems. The use of a strong cryptography becomes justified. The encipherment techniques appear at three different levels: for scrambling the program components, for controlling the access rights, for managing the access rights and for updating the authorization keys. This modelisation emphasizes the impact of standardization and the reserves for further evolution. The knowledge harvested on existing systems allows to determine the axes for additional developments, specifically in relation with digital television.", "abstract$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "authors": [ { "affiliation": "CCETT, BP59 4 Rue du Clos Courtel F-35512 Cesson Sévigné France", "name": "Louis Claude Guillou" }, { "affiliation": "CCETT, BP59 4 Rue du Clos Courtel F-35512 Cesson Sévigné France", "name": "Jean-Luc Giachetti" } ], "authors$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Object form (schema 2.3.0) migrated from string form via migrateAuthorsToObjectForm.js; bio/affiliation backfilled from _source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ NLM ++", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-06-23T00:04:25.562Z", "version": "authors-migrate-object-form@v1" }, "contentType": "orig-research", "contentType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Canonical-confirmed full paper (summary-abstract set is orig-research in the SMPTE canonical repos); HIGHWIRE-era abstract label was a delivery artifact", "originalValue": "summary-abstract", "source": "resolved", "updated": "2026-07-09T19:12:47.628Z", "version": "contenttype-fixes@v1" }, "copyright": { "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.", "holder$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "year": "1994", "year$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } }, "copyright$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docId": "10.5594-M001282", "docId$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/M001282", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docLabel": "SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( January 1994)", "docLabel$meta": { "confidence": "medium", "note": "Composed from venue title, volume/issue and date", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docTitle": "Encipherment and Conditional Access", "docTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docType": "Conference Paper", "docType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "NLM
— SMPTE conference paper", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "doi": "10.5594/M001282", "doi$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/M001282", "href$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/M001282", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "number": "1", "number$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "pages": "43–54", "pages$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "publicationDate": "1994-01-01", "publicationDate$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "publisher": "SMPTE", "publisher$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "publisherLocation": { "city": "White Plains, NY", "city$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } }, "publisherLocation$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "resolvedHref": "https://journal.smpte.org/conferences/ITU/SMPTE%20Tutorial%20on%20Digital%20Terrestrial%20Broadcasting%20(DTTB)/7/", "resolvedHref$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Backfilled from url.validate report #resolvedHref", "originalValue": null, "source": "resolved", "updated": "2026-06-19T20:59:07.438Z" }, "status": { "active": true, "active$meta": { "confidence": "medium", "note": "No explicit status in NLM source — conference papers default active", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } }, "volume": "1994", "volume$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ORIGINAL SAMPLES/Conferences/smptem_1994_1/smptem_1994_1.xml/10.5594_M001282.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } } }