{ "$schema": "/api/schemas/documents.schema.json", "apiVersion": "1.0.0", "generatedAt": "2026-07-09T21:16:49.031Z", "sourcePath": "src/main/data/docs", "docId": "10.5594-M001173", "document": { "abstract": "DVB has adopted the international standards ISO/IEC 11172–3 and ISO/IEC 13818–3, better known as MPEG-1 Audio and MPEG-2 Audio respectively, for transmission of high quality audio accompanying MPEG-2 Video. These decisions were based on solid commercial requirements, formulated by the members of the DVB consortium. These include broadcasters, research institutions and manufacturers. The paper will give a brief overview of the standardisation processes, both in MPEG and DVB. It will then discuss the fundamental requirements for audio in MPEG and DVB and motivate the major design decisions in both systems. The implications for e.g. the scalability of the transmission system and the receivers (cost and complexity issues) will be explained. Forwards and backwards compatibility of the compression system was a major requirement during the development of both systems. The concepts and their implications for consumer products and plant operation will be examined and compared to systems where these requirements were not existing. Matrix surround systems are widely used in the consumer markets and quite some material is coded with one of these systems. MPEG has been designed to be compatible with matrix surround systems and can carry them in a transparent fashion. Examples from every day practice will be given. Special attention will be given to the sound quality issue. ITU and EBU tests document the high quality of MPEG audio. Finally, interoperability between different services (cable, satellite and terrestrial, but also DAB) is of major concern to broadcasters. The DVB system addresses these concerns by using MPEG audio, video and systems.", "abstract$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "authors": [ { "affiliation": "Philips Consumer Electronics", "bio": "Thomas Boltze was born 1967 in Hamburg, Germany. He received his Dipl.-Ing. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 1992 from Hamburg University of Technology. In 1995 he received his Ph.D. from in applied mathematics (matrix theory), signal processing and parameter estimation from the same university. He has published several papers on the topic as well as on audio related topics. In 1995 he joined the Advanced Systems and Applications Laboratory of Philips Consumer Electronics in Eindhoven, The Netherlands. He is working as a Senior System Designer in the field of audio coding algorithm & product development and standardisation. Major tasks include: • Standardisation work for EBU, ITU, DVB, DAB, AES, mostly on the integration of MPEG Audio into the broadcast systems and the evaluation of audio quality. • Product development for audio encoding/decoding • Algorithm development for audio encoding/decoding • Co-ordination of above activities • Software Engineering Process improvement (CMM) / Best Practises", "name": "Thomas Boltze" }, { "affiliation": "Philips Consumer Electronics", "bio": "Leon M. van de Kerkhof was born in 1958 in Eindhoven, The Netherlands. In 1978 he joined Philips Research Laboratories, where he worked on acoustic noise control and the use of adaptive filters in acoustics. He received the Bachelor's degree in electrical engineering in 1981 from the Institute of Technology, and the master's degree from the Eindhoven University of technology in 1987. Since 1987 he has been with Philips Consumer Electronics, working a/o on the development and implementation of the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 Audio standards, Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) and Super Audio CD. Currently he is group leader of the ‘Sound Coding' group of the Advanced Systems and Applications Lab of Philips Sound & Vision. He was and is involved in various international standardisation activities, including Eureka 147 DAB, ISO/MPEG Audio, and ITU-R.", "name": "Leon van de Kerkhof" } ], "authors$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Object form (schema 2.3.0) migrated from string form via migrateAuthorsToObjectForm.js; bio/affiliation backfilled from _source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ NLM ++", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-06-23T00:04:25.562Z", "version": "authors-migrate-object-form@v1" }, "contentType": "orig-research", "contentType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Canonical-confirmed full paper (summary-abstract set is orig-research in the SMPTE canonical repos); HIGHWIRE-era abstract label was a delivery artifact", "originalValue": "summary-abstract", "source": "resolved", "updated": "2026-07-09T19:12:47.628Z", "version": "contenttype-fixes@v1" }, "copyright": { "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.", "holder$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "year": "1999", "year$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } }, "copyright$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docId": "10.5594-M001173", "docId$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/M001173", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docLabel": "SMPTE Meetings and Conferences ( July 1999)", "docLabel$meta": { "confidence": "medium", "note": "Composed from venue title, volume/issue and date", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docTitle": "MPEG Multichannel Audio in DVB", "docTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "docType": "Conference Paper", "docType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "NLM
— SMPTE conference paper", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "doi": "10.5594/M001173", "doi$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/M001173", "href$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/M001173", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "number": "7", "number$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "pages": "89–95", "pages$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "publicationDate": "1999-07-01", "publicationDate$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "publisher": "SMPTE", "publisher$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "publisherLocation": { "city": "White Plains, NY", "city$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } }, "publisherLocation$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" }, "resolvedHref": "https://journal.smpte.org/conferences/9th%20Conference%20and%20Exhibition%20of%20the%20SMPTE%20Australia%20Section/14/", "resolvedHref$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Backfilled from url.validate report #resolvedHref", "originalValue": null, "source": "resolved", "updated": "2026-06-19T20:59:07.438Z" }, "status": { "active": true, "active$meta": { "confidence": "medium", "note": "No explicit status in NLM source — conference papers default active", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } }, "volume": "1999", "volume$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptem/10.5594_M001173.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z", "version": "smpte-conference-paper-nlm@v1" } } }